Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning with these NEW titles from Engineering!)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305387102
Author: Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.40P
As a designer working for a major electric appliance manufacturer, you are required to estimate the amount of fiberglass insulation packing (k = 0.035 W/m K) that is needed for a kitchen oven shown in the figure below. The fiberglass layer is to be sandwiched
between a 2-mm-thick aluminum cladding plate on the outside and a 5-mm-thick stainless steel plate on the inside that forms the core of the oven. The insulation thickness is such that the outside cladding temperature does not exceed
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3.6
Heat losses through windows in buildings are substantial. What would be the percentage reduction in heat loss that would be mitigated by replacing a window containing a single pane of glass with (a) double-pane low-E insulating glass or (b) a 3-inch-thick sheet of expanded polystyrene sheet? The quoted R values for these items are: • single pane of glass: 0.90 ft 2 hr ° F/Btu, • double pane of low-E insulating glass: 2.3 ft 2 hr ° F/Btu, • 1-inch-thick sheet of polystyrene sheet: 4.0 ft 2 hr ° F/Btu.
Q2 a) A leading manufacturer of household appliances is proposing a self-cleaning oven
design that involves use of a composite window separating the oven cavity from the
room air (Figure 2a). The composite is to consist of two high-temperature plastics
(A and B) of thicknesses LA = 2LB and thermal conductivities ka = 0.15 W/m·K and
kB = 0.08 W/m•K. During the self-cleaning process, the oven wall and air
temperatures, Tw and Ta, are 400°C, while the room air temperature To is 25°C. The
inside convection and radiation heat transfer coefficients h; and h,, as well as the
outside convection coefficient ho, are each approximately 25 W/m².K. What is the
minimum window thickness, L = LA + LB, needed to ensure a temperature that is
50°C or less at the outer surface of the window? This temperature must not be
exceeded for safety reasons.
(b) A hydrogen gas cylinder is situated in the cylinder cage. The cylinder wall is
constructed from 15.5 mm carbon fiber (kcp = 0.75 W mK-¹). The outside of the
cylinder is lagged with an inner 10 mm layer of ceramic insulation (kc =
0.08 W mK-¹) and an outer 80 mm layer of fiberglass insulation (kp = 0.15 W mK-¹).
The temperature on the hydrogen gas is 150 °C and the temperature of the cylinder
cage is 45 °C. Given that the walls of the cylinder can be assumed to be flat and
neglecting the contribution of radiation, calculate:
(i) the heat flux per square meter of the gas cylinder wall
(ii) the temperature at the interface between the fibreglass and the ceramic
insulation.
1.1
Chapter 1 Solutions
Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning with these NEW titles from Engineering!)
Ch. 1 - 1.1 On a cold winter day, the outer surface of a...Ch. 1 - 1.2 The weight of the insulation in a spacecraft...Ch. 1 - 1.3 A furnace wall is to be constructed of brick...Ch. 1 - 1.4 To measure thermal conductivity, two similar...Ch. 1 - To determine the thermal conductivity of a...Ch. 1 - A square silicon chip 7mm7mm in size and 0.5-mm...Ch. 1 - A cooling system is to be designed for a food...Ch. 1 - 1.80 Describe and compare the modes of heat loss...Ch. 1 - Heat is transferred at a rate of 0.1 kW through...Ch. 1 - 1.10 A heat flux meter at the outer (cold) wall of...
Ch. 1 - 1.11 Calculate the heat loss through a glass...Ch. 1 - 1.12 A wall with a thickness is made of a...Ch. 1 - 1.13 If the outer air temperature in Problem is...Ch. 1 - Using Table 1.4 as a guide, prepare a similar...Ch. 1 - 1.15 A thermocouple (0.8-mm-diameter wire) used to...Ch. 1 - Water at a temperature of 77C is to be evaporated...Ch. 1 - The heat transfer rate from hot air by convection...Ch. 1 - The heat transfer coefficient for a gas flowing...Ch. 1 - 1.19 A cryogenic fluid is stored in a...Ch. 1 - A high-speed computer is located in a...Ch. 1 - 1.21 In an experimental set up in a laboratory, a...Ch. 1 - 1.22 In order to prevent frostbite to skiers on...Ch. 1 - Using the information in Problem 1.22, estimate...Ch. 1 - Two large parallel plates with surface conditions...Ch. 1 - 1.25 A spherical vessel, 0.3 m in diameter, is...Ch. 1 - 1.26 Repeat Problem 1.25 but assume that the...Ch. 1 - Determine the rate of radiant heat emission in...Ch. 1 - 1.28 The sun has a radius of and approximates a...Ch. 1 - 1.29 A spherical interplanetary probe with a 30-cm...Ch. 1 - A spherical communications satellite, 2 m in...Ch. 1 - A long wire 0.7 mm in diameter with an emissivity...Ch. 1 - Wearing layers of clothing in cold weather is...Ch. 1 - A section of a composite wall with the dimensions...Ch. 1 - A section of a composite wall with the dimensions...Ch. 1 - Repeat Problem 1.35 but assume that instead of...Ch. 1 - 1.37 Mild steel nails were driven through a solid...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.38PCh. 1 - 1.39 On a cold winter day, the outside wall of a...Ch. 1 - As a designer working for a major electric...Ch. 1 - 1.41 A heat exchanger wall consists of a copper...Ch. 1 - 1.43 A simple solar heater consists of a flat...Ch. 1 - A composite refrigerator wall is composed of 5 cm...Ch. 1 - An electronic device that internally generates 600...Ch. 1 - 1.47 A flat roof is modeled as a flat plate...Ch. 1 - A horizontal, 3-mm-thick flat-copper plate, 1-m...Ch. 1 - 1.49 A small oven with a surface area of is...Ch. 1 - A steam pipe 200 mm in diameter passes through a...Ch. 1 - 1.51 The inner wall of a rocket motor combustion...Ch. 1 - 1.52 A flat roof of a house absorbs a solar...Ch. 1 - Determine the power requirement of a soldering...Ch. 1 - 1.54 The soldering iron tip in Problem 1.53...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.55PCh. 1 - A pipe carrying superheated steam in a basement at...Ch. 1 - Draw the thermal circuit for heat transfer through...Ch. 1 - 1.60 Two electric resistance heaters with a 20 cm...Ch. 1 - 1.63 Liquid oxygen (LOX) for the space shuttle is...Ch. 1 - The interior wall of a large, commercial walk-in...Ch. 1 - 1.67 In beauty salons and in homes, a ubiquitous...Ch. 1 - The heat transfer coefficient between a surface...Ch. 1 - The thermal conductivity of fibreglass insulation...Ch. 1 - 1.71 The thermal conductivity of silver at 212°F...Ch. 1 - 1.72 An ice chest (see sketch) is to constructed...Ch. 1 - Estimate the R-values for a 5-cm-thick fiberglass...Ch. 1 - A manufacturer in the United States wants to sell...Ch. 1 - Referring to Problem 1.74, how many kilograms of...Ch. 1 - 1.76 Explain a fundamental characteristic that...Ch. 1 - 1.77 Explain each in your own words. (a) What is...Ch. 1 - What are the important modes of heat transfer for...Ch. 1 - 1.79 Consider the cooling of (a) a personal...Ch. 1 - Describe and compare the modes of heat loss...Ch. 1 - A person wearing a heavy parka is standing in a...Ch. 1 - Discuss the modes of heat transfer that determine...
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- A 1.69 m wide by 1.06 m high metal plate must be insulated to prevent contact burn injuries. If the heat transfer rate is 131 W and the temperature across the insulation must be reduced from 87.9°C to 40.2°C, what is the minimum thickness (in cm) of insulation required [round your final answer to two decimal places]? {kins = 0.033 W/m∙K}arrow_forward20-m pipe has an outside diameter of 50 mm. Pipe is insulated with a layer of asbestos, then followed by a layer of cork. Inside and outside diameter of the cork is 77 mm and 80 mm, respectively. If the temperature drop from pipe to cork is 1165°C, calculate the inside diameter of the pipe (mm). The rate of the heat transfer is 8778 W. The thermal conductivity of steam pipe, asbestos and cork are 0.045 kW/m-K, 0.058 W/m-K and 0.043 W/m-K respectively.arrow_forwardA dormitory at a large university, built 50 years ago, has exterior walls constructed of L, = 25-mm-thick sheathing with a thermal conductivity of k, = 0.1 W/m-K. To reduce heat losses in the winter, the university decides to encapsulate the entire dormitory by applying an L; = 25-mm-thick layer of extruded insulation characterized by k; = 0.029 W/m-K to the exterior of the original sheathing. The extruded insulation is, in turn, covered with an L, = 5-mm-thick architectural glass with kg = 1.4 W/m-K. Determine the heat flux through the original and retrofitted walls when the interior and exterior air temperatures are Ti = 22°C and T0 -15°C, respectively. The inner and outer convection heat transfer coefficients are h; = 5 W/m?-K and h, = 25 W/m²-K, respectively. The heat flux through the original walls is i W/m?. The heat flux through the retrofitted walls is i W/m?.arrow_forward
- A dormitory at a large university, built 50 years ago, has exterior walls constructed of L, = 25-mm-thick sheathing with a thermal conductivity of k, = 0.1 W/m-K. To reduce heat losses in the winter, the university decides to encapsulate the entire dormitory by applying an L; = 25-mm-thick layer of extruded insulation characterized by k; = 0.029 W/m-K to the exterior of the original sheathing. The extruded insulation is, in turn, covered with an Lg = 5-mm-thick architectural glass with kg = 1.4 W/m-K. Determine the heat flux through the original and retrofitted walls when the interior and exterior air temperatures are Ti = 22°C and T.0 -17.5°C, respectively. The inner and outer convection heat transfer coefficients are h; = 5W/m?-K and h, = 25 W/m²-K, respectively. The heat flux through the original walls is i W/m?. The heat flux through the retrofitted walls is i W/m?.arrow_forward4. The section of a vertical wall is made up of fiberglass insulation slabs separated by wooden studs. The thermal conductivity of fiberglass and wood are 0.04 W/m-K and 0.18 W/m-K, respectively. The thickness of the wall is 160 mm. The temperatures of the inner and outer surfaces of the wall section are 22 °C and 4 °C, respectively. The ratio of the insulation area to the total wall area is 0.8. Calculate the total heat flow rate (in W/m2) through the wall per unit area. Wooden Stud Fiberglass Insulation Follow-up question to Question 4, calculate the rate of heat flow (in W/m2) through unit area of studs.arrow_forward[2] An array of electronic chips is mounted within a sealed rectangular enclosure, and cooling is implemented by attaching an aluminum heat sink (k = 180 W/m K). The base of the heat sink has dimensions of w1 = W2 = 100 mm, while the 6 fins are of thickness t = 10 mm and pitch S = 18 mm. The fin length is Lr = 50 mm, and the base of the heat sink has a thickness of Lb = 10 mm. L -Chips Water u T Electronic package, P elec If cooling is implemented by water flow through the heat sink, with uo = 3 m/s and To = temperature Tb of the heat sink when power dissipation by the chips is Pelec = 1800 W? The average convection coefficient for surfaces of the fins and the exposed base may be estimated by assuming parallel flow over a flat plate. Properties of the water may be approximated as k = 0.62 W/m-K, p = 995 kg/m3, Cp = 4178 J/kg-K, v = 7.73 x 10-7 m2/s, and Pr = 5.2. 17°C, what is the base a.) Base temperature. А. 37.8°C B. 43.9°C С. 31.4°С D. 46.2°Carrow_forward
- Q2 a) A leading manufacturer of household appliances is proposing a self-cleaning oven design that involves use of a composite window separating the oven cavity from the room air (Figure 2a). The composite is to consist of two high-temperature plastics (A and B) of thicknesses LA = 2LB and thermal conductivities kA = 0.15 W/m K and kB = 0.08 W/m K. During the self-cleaning process, the oven wall and air temperatures, Tw and Ta, are 400°C, while the room air temperature T is 25°C. The inside convection and radiation heat transfer coefficients h and hr, as well as the outside convection coefficient ho, are each approximately 25 W/m2.K. What is the minimum window thickness, L = LA + LB, needed to ensure a temperature that is 50°C or less at the outer surface of the window? This temperature must not be exceeded for safety reasons.arrow_forwardX Your answer is incorrect. A dormitory at a large university, built 50 years ago, has exterior walls constructed of L, = 25-mm-thick sheathing with a thermal conductivity of k, = 0.1 W/m-K. To reduce heat losses in the winter, the university decides to encapsulate the entire dormitory by applying an L; = 25-mm-thick layer of extruded insulation characterized by k; = 0.029 W/m-K to the exterior of the original sheathing. The extruded insulation is, in turn, covered with an Lg = 5-mm-thick architectural glass with kg = 1.4 W/m-K. Determine the heat flux through the original and retrofitted walls when the interior and exterior air temperatures are T = 22°C and To = O°C, respectively. The inner and outer convection heat transfer coefficients are h; = 5 W/m?-Kand h, 00, 25 W/m2-K, respectively. The heat flux through the original walls is 1.46 W/m?. The heat flux through the retrofitted walls is 0.92 W/m?.arrow_forwardRequired info: There is a 2.00 cm thick stagnant air pocket. a) What thickness of cork would have the same R-factor as the stagnant air pocket? The thermal conductivity of air is 0.0230 W/m-K and of cork is 0.0460 W/m-K. b) What thickness of tin would be required for the same R-factor as a 2.00-cm-thick stagnant air pocket? The thermal conductivity of air is 0.0230 W/m:K and of tin is 66.8 W/m-K. THANK Uarrow_forward
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