Concept explainers
Quantitative Researchers hypothesized that leaf mimicry by B. trifoliolata provides protection from plant-eating animals (herbivores). The results of a study of 45 individual vines are shown in the following graph. Light conditions were very similar in all cases. Researchers compared the level of leaf damage by plant eaters (herbivory index) in vines climbing leafy host trees, vines creeping on the ground with no support, and vines climbing on bare tree trunks. Use the P values provided to determine if the differences are significant or not (*** means P < 0.001, see BioSkills 3). What conclusion, if any, can be drawn about leaf mimicry from this study? What might the researchers do next to further explore the role of leaf mimicry?
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Biological Science (7th Edition)
- Intraspecific competition is a competition between members of the same species and is commonly observed in crop plants. Table 6.2 shows the results of a greenhouse experiment which examined the effects of density on the germination and growth of barley. Plants were grown for two weeks in 10- cm diameter pots kept in identical environmental conditions and watered regularly. At the end of the experiment the plants were cropped by cutting the stems at the soil surface. Based from the given table and graph, discuss the data and the relationship of the two factors (Mean wet biomass of plants (g) and Number of plants that germinated). Then, what is the effect of density to the Mean wet biomass of plants?arrow_forwardWhat effects could there be in a plant depending on the pesticide selection?arrow_forwardc) Suppose you count the number of seeds produced by milkweed plants in different habitats with variable numbers of herbivores present. Add trendlines to the graphs below to represent your hypothesized outcomes for fecundity relative to plant damage and latex production. 0.6 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 - -1 2. Latex production index Plant damage index d) Provide a valid rationale to explain why latex production and plant damage would influence seed production as you hypothesized above. Differences in seed productionarrow_forward
- Make a simple model illustrating how tomato plants might be able to detect insects on a neighboring plant and protect themselves from infestation and how the components of this system interact. Show how fungi transfer information from insect-infested tomato plants to nearby uninfested tomato plants. Be sure to label any inputs and outputs in the model.arrow_forwardIntraspecific competition is a competition between members of the same species and is commonly observed in crop plants. Table 6.2 shows the results of a greenhouse experiment which examined the effects of density on the germination and growth of barley. Plants were grown for two weeks in 10- cm diameter pots kept in identical environmental conditions and watered regularly. At the end of the experiment the plants were cropped by cutting the stems at the soil surface. In the given context, can you explain thoroughly the meaning of plant density that this passage is talking about?arrow_forwardWhat could be the purpose of studying Mangroves parasitism?arrow_forward
- Table 1. Average turgor loss point, stem hydraulic conductivity and plant water use efficiency for the two species. Trait Species A Species B Statistics Turgor loss point -2.5 MPa -1.1. MPa p <0.033 Hydraulic conductivity 0.11 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 0.33 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 p <0.005 Water use efficiency 80.6 µmol mol-1 47.1 µmol mol-1 p <0.004 Explain using data from Table 1 and Figure 2 the two different physiological strategies for these species against the environmental stressors expected from Figure 1. Figure 2.(attached) Pre-dawn and midday leaf water potential (Ψleaf) for the two species at different dates throughout the year.arrow_forwardTable 1. Average turgor loss point, stem hydraulic conductivity and plant water use efficiency for the two species. Trait Species A Species B Statistics Turgor loss point -2.5 MPa -1.1. MPa p <0.033 Hydraulic conductivity 0.11 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 0.33 Kg mm-1 MPa-1 s-1 p <0.005 Water use efficiency 80.6 µmol mol-1 47.1 µmol mol-1 p <0.004 Please Describe the data in Table 1arrow_forwardShow a picture or draw Of Rice plant with the pest repellent property of Basil leaves (3d Model)arrow_forward
- Describe the behavior of ants when the trail was blocked. How did they establish or reestablish the trail? Explain the mechanism of trail establishment or reestablishment.arrow_forwardResearchers performed an experiment on young individuals of two species of savannah tree (Figure 21.18). They determined the temperature to which each tree was exposed at different height as well as the diameter of the tree, which they used as an index of resistance to fire, as larger diameters = thicker bark and greater resistance to fire. What do the data suggest with regards to adaptation to frequent fire? ordeal tree 650- O O 8EDOD COO O D 450- O OO 0 250 O O 50+ 20 40 60 80 diameter (mm) monkey bread tree 650- BI 450- O O 250- 50+ 20 40 60 80 diameter (mm) Figure 21.18 Stems that survived (open squares) or died (black circles) after exposure to a particular temperature for both the ordeal tree (A) and the monkey bread tree (B). The line represents the regression of the estimated lethal temperature for each diameter, defined as the midpoint of the maximum diameter dead point and minimum diameter live point at each temperature. Trees over a certain diameter typically do not survive,…arrow_forwardWhich of the following explains why pea plants in high soil nitrogen conditions have so few rhizobial nodules on their roots? When there is already high soil nitrogen there is a very large cost to having rhizobial nodules. The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules fix nitrogen when there isn't enough in the soil, so when there is already high soil nitrogen there is no advantage for the pea plant to expend the extra energy housing the rhizobia. The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules use nitrogen when there isn't enough in the soil, so in conditions of high soil nitrogen the plant tries to exclude the rhizobia to keep the nitrogen for itself. When there is already high soil nitrogen there is no benefit to the plant to having rhizobial nodules, which can rob the plant of the high nitrogen supplies so that the rhizobia bacteria do not have to fix the nitrogen themselves.arrow_forward