To analyze:
The effect of using public gym facilities in increasing the likelihood of S. aureus infection and risks of illness.
Introduction:
The most typical cases of Staphylococcus aureus infection are soft tissue and skin infections. It is a Gram-positive, nonmotile cocci bacteria. Humans' skin, noses, and mucous membranes naturally contain S. aureus, where colonization occurs more frequently than infection. When the cutaneous barrier is compromised or destroyed, skin infection can happen. Any person who has been colonized by the bacteria is susceptible to any subsequent infections, and these infections are severe in cases of diabetics, patients having surgery, and people with AIDS (as their immune system is compromised).
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WHAT IS LIFE? GDE.TO BIOLOGY W/PHYSIO.
- In a series of infection experiments, a researcher discovers that the ID50 value for the infectious bacterium Parasiticum mucoides is 2,000, and that the ID50 for another infectious bacterium, Donoteatum thisbacterium, is 150. Given these data, a person exposed to 1,000 bacteria of each type would be more likely to be infected by which bacterium? There is no way to know given the information provided Both infections are equally likely Donoteatum thisbacterium Parasiticum mucoidesarrow_forwardWhich of the following cannot be grown in artificial media and must be grown in live animals or cells instead? Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea Lactococcus lactis, a lactic acid bacterium used to produce cheddar cheese Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium sometimes found in human nares (nostrils) Staphylococcus epidermidis, a bacterium routinely found on human skin Escherichia coli, a bacterium common in mammalian intestines 21 Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilisarrow_forward13) A certain bacterial colony originated from the division of a single bacterial cell. Each cell in this colony will most likely A) express adaptations unlike those of the other cells B) synthesize the same proteins and enzymes C) have a resistance to different antibiotics D) replicate different numbers of genesarrow_forward
- 31) To establish a link between a specific bacterium and a skin disease, researchers have shown that the bacterium was present in sick persons but not in healthy individuals. They isolated the bacterium in a pure culture and demonstrated that experimental healthy animals injected with this culture became sick. What other experiment do researchers need to perform to be absolutely sure that the bacterium is responsible for the disease? A) Demonstrate that the bacterium belongs to the pathogenic lineage B) Demonstrate that the bacterium is not able to live outside of humans or animals C) Isolate bacterium from an infected sick animal and demonstrate that it is the same bacterium as the one used for infection D) Isolate bacterium from an infected sick animal and demonstrate that it is susceptible to broad spectrum antibiotics.arrow_forwardA recent study found that 480 Streptomyces strains freshly isolated from the soil are resistant to at least six different antibiotics. In fact, some isolates are resistant to 20 different antibiotic drugs.Why do you think these bacteria (which are neither pathogenic nor exposed to human use of antibiotics) are resistant to so many drugs? What might be the implications for human bacterial pathogens?arrow_forwardWithin a 3-day period at a large hospital, five patients undergoing hemodialysis developed fever and chills. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pnuemoniae were isolated from three of the patients. P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter agglomerans were isolated from the dialysis system. Why do all three bacteria cause similar symptoms?arrow_forward
- A patient admitted to the hospital for fever and coughing is diagnosed with an active tuberculosis infection, and is treated with an antibiotic named rifampin. The antibiotics seemed successful, and his subsequent tests for tuberculosis came back negative. However, he was re-admitted to the hospital two months later with similar symptoms, was treated with rifampin again, and died of respiratory failure shortly thereafter. It was concluded that he had been infected with an antibiotic-resistant strain of M. tuberculosis. Does this situation meet the criteria for evolution by natural selection? Briefly explain how each of Darwin’s postulates is met/not met: a. Individuals in a population vary in traits. b. Traits are heritable. c. More offspring are produced than can survive, and only some individuals survive and reproduce. d. Individuals with certain heritable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than others.arrow_forwardResearchers are designing several experiments to test the ability of Salmonella bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. A culture of Salmonella bacteria is exposed to the same concentrations (200 mg/L) of an antibiotic for four days. The table shows the number of isolated resistant bacteria over a four-day period. Which of the following statements best explains these results? Day Number of Resistant Bacteria in the Culture 1 5 2 59 3 677 4 32,456 The bacteria were not affected by the antibiotic. After being exposed to the antibiotic, the bacteria altered the antibiotic. A new species of bacteria emerged after the antibiotics were introduced. Random mutations led some bacteria to be resistant and, over time, they increased in the population.arrow_forward30) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification? A) Eukarya B) Archaea C) Animalia D) Protista E) Fungi 31) To establish a link between a specific bacterium and a skin disease, researchers have shown that the bacterium was present in sick persons but not in healthy individuals. They isolated the bacterium in a pure culture and demonstrated that experimental healthy animals injected with this culture became sick. What other experiment do researchers need to perform to be absolutely sure that the bacterium is responsible for the disease? A) Demonstrate that the bacterium belongs to the pathogenic lineage B) Demonstrate that the bacterium is not able to live outside of humans or animals C) Isolate bacterium from an infected sick animal and demonstrate that it is the same bacterium as the one used for infection D) Isolate bacterium from an infected sick animal and demonstrate…arrow_forward
- Penicillin was first used in the 1940s to treat gonorrhea infections produced by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In 1984, according to the CDC, fewer than 1% of gonorrhea infections were caused by penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. By 1990, more than 10% of cases were penicillin resistant and a few years later the level of resistance was 95%. Explain the various ways this resistance could be spread among the cells. Could this resistance pass to other infectious bacteria from N. gonorrhoeae?arrow_forwardIn 1928, British bacteriologist Alexander Fleming made an accidental discovery. He noticed that a fungus had contaminated one of the agar plates he had streaked with a bacterial species to be studied. The fungus prevented the bacteria from growing in the immediate area surrounding the fungus. Upon further investigation, Fleming found that the fungus produced a substance that was the agent responsible for killing the bacteria. He called this substance penicillin. Given this information, which statement best explains why Fleming's discovery is relevant to the general public today? O Fleming's attention to detail diverted his efforts to investigate bacteria and likely robbed humanity of important discoveries that he would have otherwise made. Fleming's sloppiness in the lab serves as a reminder to all researchers that sterile technique is critical to preventing unwanted fungal growth on bacterial plates. Fleming's discovery enabled the development of chemical substances as antibiotics to…arrow_forwardThe UWC Biotechnolo class undertook a study to determine the microbiological quality of mince-meat samples that were obtained from four local retail outlets. You have performed the following serial dilution of the mince samples. Firstly, 25 g of the minced samples was transferred to 225 ml 4 strength Ringers'-solution, followed by two (2) 10-fold dilutions and finally three (3) 100-fold dilutions. These dilutions were then pour-plated out (1000 µl of each) onto the required medium. The colony forming units (cfu) for the Enterobacteriaceae count is listed in the table below: 1 3 4 6. Total Viable Count >300 >300 >300 274 28 3 >300 >300 >300 286 29 3 Mold and Yeast Count >300 >300 129 14 2 >300 >300 127 13 1 Staphylococcal Count >300 168 18 3 10 1 >300 156 16 2 Enterobacteriaceae >300 >300 264 27 Count >300 >300 248 25 2 a. Determine the log colony forming units per gram of product for the different counts. b. If the allowable microbiological standard for the Enterobacteriaceae count is…arrow_forward
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