Q: At What Phase Is the Cell Cycle Arrested by an Inhibitor?
A: It refers to a stopping point in the cell cycle, where it is no longer involved in the processes of…
Q: What is the nuclear division that apportions chromosomes in equal fashion to two daughter cells, is…
A: Chromosomes are long thread-like structures that carry coded genetic information in the form of DNA.…
Q: Describe the general conditions that must be met at each of the three main cell-cycle checkpoints
A: The cell cycle is monitored at the three check points, which are G1 , G2 and the third one is during…
Q: What is chromatin immunoprecipitation?
A: Chromatin immunoprecipitation is an experimental technique used to investigate protein DNA…
Q: why cell injury due to genetic causes are alarmingly increasing each year.? Briefly explain at your…
A: Cell injury is the major cause which affects one body.
Q: What factors needed to proceed with the cell cycle of G1 checkpoint?
A: A stage in the cell cycle where the cell decides whether to move forward to the next phase of the…
Q: Explain why cell injury due to genetic causes are alarmingly increasing each year.?
A: Cell injury is damage in the cell that occurs due to some external and internal…
Q: Where are DNase I hypersensitivity sites found, and what do they indicate about the nature of…
A: Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of most organisms that carry coded genetic…
Q: In which phases of the cell cycle would you expect double-strand break repair and nonhomologous end…
A: The cell cycle is a process in which the size of the cell increases, the DNA copies, and prepare to…
Q: The “Hayflick limit” is the number of times cells growing in tissue culture will divide before cell…
A: Introduction Ageing of cells can be attributed to several factors such as degradation of cellular…
Q: Explain why IC3 is able to stop cancerous cells from dividing ?
A: Tumor-suppressor proteins are those proteins that normally act to stop abnormal cell growth. But…
Q: Most forms of cancer are caused by environmental agents that produce mutations in somatic cells. Is…
A: Environmental factors have been known to trigger a lot of the mutations which develop into cancerous…
Q: Is there any technique can quickly expand one set of cell chromosome?
A: The genetic material of an organism that it inherits from the parents is known as deoxyribonucleic…
Q: What do you mean by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation?
A: Chromatin immunoprecipitation is an experimental technique used to investigate protein DNA…
Q: Which of the following does not contribute to preserving the memory of identity in a dividing cell?
A: It is important for a dividing cell to preserve its identity so that it can be correctly…
Q: why anaphase I is important?
A: Anaphase1 is the third stage during meiosis 1 after the completion prophase1 and metaphase1 .…
Q: Is the CDK present in Mitotic checkpoint?
A: Mitosis is defined as cell duplication or division during which one of the cells will divide and…
Q: the needed materials/molecules of Mitotic checkpoint?
A: CELL CYCLE:- When a cell is to divide, it is expected to synthesize its various components including…
Q: In mismatch repair, how does the cell "know" which strand is the correct strand and which strand is…
A: During DNA synthesis, DNA polymerases keep checking their work and keep fixing the majority of…
Q: What are the different checkpoint mechanisms? Why are these important?
A: Cell cycle checkpoints are milestones that ensure the normal advancement of the eukaryotic cell…
Q: // Which CDK and cyclin does p53 ultimately target in DNA damaged conditions? O CDK1/cyclin E O…
A: CDK phosphorylate soecific target proteins. They required cyclin to be activate. CDK-cyclin…
Q: Which of the following is the most likely effect of a mutation in the gene coding for a DNA repair…
A: Biological macromolecules are those large molecules that are necessary for the survival and growth…
Q: In the experiment of cell fusion, when tumor cells were fused with normal cells, the initially…
A: Cell fusion is an important cellular process in which two or more uninucleate cells merge to form a…
Q: Can there be mitosis without DNA replication in ‘S’ phase?
A: Mitosis is a type of cell division by which the cell divides into two and produce a replica with an…
Q: What is the CDK(present or absent) of Mitotic checkpoint?
A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…
Q: What means genes are delivered directly to somatic cells?
A: Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of a gene defect that has been…
Q: a. Why are cell cycle checkpoints important? b. What happens to a cell that fails to meet the…
A: The cell division involved progression of a cell through different cell cycle phases. At specific…
Q: Why does nucleation sites cause the number of microtubules to rise but the length to grow unstable?
A: Microtubules are the structural part of the eukaryotic cells that are formed by the tubulin…
Q: What is the importance of the EMT during metastasis?
A: EMT is an evolutionary conserved developmental program which is implicated in carcinogenesis.
Q: Can there be mitosis without DNA replication in S phase?
A: Introduction in this question we will discuss whether there can be s mitosis without DNA replication…
Q: Are all pluripotent stem cells created equal, however?
A: Pluripotent cells are capable of repeated division to form most or all of the cell types but cannot…
Q: What is denaturation and why is the process harmful to a cell?
A: Introduction A cell is the basic structure of life. A cell is made up of cytoplasm, genetic…
Q: What is the purpose of checkpoint in cell cycle
A: Introduction Cell Cycle:- A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows…
Q: Which types of TEs have the greatest potential for proliferation:insertion elements, simple…
A: The jumping genes, also called transposable elements (TEs), are the sequences of deoxyribonucleic…
Q: Which DNA-damage repair pathway. uses the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins?
A: DNA damage repair pathway is a type of DNA pathway which is used to repair the damages in the DNA…
Q: Why is it essential for a cell to repair mutations in its DNA? What happens to the cell if the…
A: DNA repair is a mechanism of our body to repair any mutation or any mismatch in the DNA strand.
Q: What is the function of FAD/FADH2 in cells?
A: Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD): FAD is derived from vitamin B12. It is a two-electron oxidizing…
Q: What is a lysogen and what is a prophage?
A: Bacterias are single-celled organisms with a cosmopolitan distribution. The bacteriophage on the…
Q: What is the CDK(present or absent) of Intra S-phase checkpoint?
A: The cell cycle has various phases, such as G1, G2, S, M, and Go. S-phase is the interphase in the…
Q: How do we know that malignant tumors arise from a single cell that contains mutations?
A: Malignant tumors are multicellular cell masses invading normal tissues and disrupting their function…
Q: Why does chromatin condense during apoptosis?
A: Apoptosis is a genetically programmed phenomenon where a dying cell breaks off in many small…
Q: Which DNA-damage repair pathway uses the BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins?
A: BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that encode tumor suppressor proteins. Whenever a DNA is damaged these…
Q: under the same cell culture conditions that lead cultured normal cells to reduce their growth rates,…
A: Malignant cells are cancerous in nature.
Q: Which of the following correctly matches a cell cycle checkpoint with the condition that allows…
A: Cell cycle checkpoints are the regulatory points responsible for controlling and checking cell cycle…
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- Which of the following DNA repair mechanisms relies on homologous DNA recombination for the repair process? DNA proofreading O SOS response postreplication repair base excision repair mismatch repairWhich of the following DNA repair mechanisms involves the 3’ to 5’ exonuclease function of DNA polymerase? postreplication repair mismatch repair SOS response DNA proofreading base excision repairMatch the bold DNA repair response(s) to the triggering type of DNA damage. Homologous Recombination Mishmatch Repair Base Excision Repair Nucleotide Excision Repair Non-homologous End Joining Single-strand DNA breaks Removal of repair lesions such as photoproducts caused by UV including Thymine dimers Double-Strand Break repair mechanism which is an accurate repair mechanism without any introduction of insertions or deletions. It requires a sister chromatid as a template. This repair mechanism uses just DNA glycosylase to remove Uracil (no other enzymes or complexes are required) then DNA polymerase can use the template stand to add the complementary base where the Uracil has been removedInterstrand Crosslink Repair This repair mechanism is used to recognize and repair mis-incorporation of base that can arise during DNA replication. Removal and replacement of modifying bases such as Uracil, 8-hyroxyguanine and others. Double-strand Break that is termed as “Quick and Dirty” as it is…
- Plasmids differ from transposons because plasmids become inserted into chromosomes self-replicate outside the chromosome move from chromosome to chromosome carry genes for antibiotic resistance none of the aboveWhich repair mechanism is used to repair deaminations and depurinations? Nucleotide Excision Repair Double-Strand Break Repair Base Excision Repair Mismatch RepairWhich mechanism is utilized to replicate plasmids undergoing conjugal transfer? Rolling-circle replication O Modified rolling-circle replication where the displaced strand is concurrently with DNA transfer Theta replication Theta replication followed by rolling circle replication
- Which of the following DNA repair mechanisms involves the 3' to 5' exonuciease function of DNA polymerase? mismatch repair postreplication repair SOS response DNA proofreading base excision repairTransverion mutations result from wobble type mispairing during DNA synthesis or replication spontaneous chemical lesions slippage of DNA polymerases during DNA synthesis or replicationWhich of the following plays a role in repairing thymine dimers by reversing the damage caused by UV light exposure in bacteria? base excision repair photoreactivation enzyme postreplication repair non-homologous end-joining repair DNA polymerase proofreading
- Which of the following DNA repair systems requires an involvement of the RecA protein? Mark all the correct answers Mismatch repair SOS response Photoreactivation repair DNA proofreading Postreplication repairAmong the different types of DNA repair, one has the unique ability to detect which strand is the newly synthesized strand where DNA polymerase may have mis-incorporated a base. This repair is Group of answer choices Photolyase Nucleotide excision repair Base excision repair SOS repair Mismatch RepairWhich of the following is correct about the function of DNA Ligase? DNA ligase is used on the leading strand and it joins any disconnected strand together O DNA ligase is used on the lagging strand which helps in joining fragments of the strand together O DNA ligase is used on the lagging strand and it aids in correcting mistakes on this specific strand O DNA ligase is used to maintain the replication fork structure