What type of DNA damage would you expect from UV-B irradiation (at 260 nm) of DNA that includes the sequence GCGATGCTTAGA, and how would it be detected and repaired?
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- 4) What wavelengths in particular can damage DNA? 5) explain to me what particularly UV light does to DNA to ‘damage’ it.10. When looking at your agar plate, where are the bacteria that did not take up the plasmid during the transformation? (It is a 4 letter word). Thanks for the help!2. You are cloning the genome of a new DNA virus into pUC18. You plate out your transformants on ampicillin plates con-taining X-gal and pick one blue colony and one white colony. When you check the size of the inserts in each plasmid (blueand white), you are surprised to fi nd that the plasmid fromthe blue colony contains a very small insert of approximately60 bp, while the plasmid from the white colony does notappear to contain any insert at all. Explain these results.
- 10. V(D)J recombination contributes to the diversity of immunoglobulins, and occurs by:A. Random single-strand nicks in the DNAB. Programmed double-strand breaks in the DNAC. Site-specific recombinationD. Homologous recombinationE. Retrotransposition 11. Zsuzanna Izsvak and coworkers set out to make a functional copy of a nonfunctional transposase in a fish that is estimated to have been nonfunctional for over 14 million years. The functional transposase became known as ____________________.A. Sleeping BeautyB. RumpelstiltskinC. PandoraD. Rip van WinkleE. None of the above 12. Which of the following Tn3 proteins catalyzes recombination to separate the donor and acceptor DNA molecules?A. transposaseB. DNA polymeraseC. RecAD. ResolvaseE. β-lactamase2. Replicate this strand of DNA:GCA TAG CAA TGC10. Samples were tested for sickle cell disease by PCR. The results were analyzed by agarosc gel electrophoresis. Lanes I, 3, 5, 7, and 9 are PCR-amplified, but undigested DNA (364 bp), and lanes 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 are Ddel-digested DNA. Lanes 1&2 are from a known carrier DNA (B^/B", 4 bands). Please, identify the genotype in lanes 3&4, 5&6, 7&8, 9&10. DNA marker 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 uents 10 364 bp- 291 bp- 201 bp- bp CKO BA/Bs
- 6. The following diagram shows a replication bubble within a double stranded DNA molecule. The red arrow shows the direction of the primer. AAAGIACGTIGAC ATTGGCC 3' TAACCGG 5' 5' GTCCGAC 3' CAGGCAG C. 5 CAT&CAACTO a. What is the sequence of the red RNA primer? b. If the replication fork moves to the left (left side opens more), will this primer be used to create the leading strand or lagging strand? Please explain your answer. If you answered the leading strand, explain why replication is continuous. However, if you answered lagging strand explain why replication is discontinuous.2. List the DNA strand sequence complementary to the template strand. CCUGCAGUAUGAAACGCCUGGUAGAAGGUGGGAAGUGGUGCGCCC . . .BONUS: Why do RNA viruses such as the COVID coronavirus, influenza virus and HIV have much higher mutation rates than DNA viruses such as Herpes viruses? O DNA polymerases which copy viral RNA have much higher mutation rates than RNA polymerases which copy viral DNA O RNA polymerases which copy viral RNA have much higher mutation rates than DNA polymerases which copy viral DNA RNA viral 60S ribosomes make many ore mutations than DNA viral 40S ribosomes O RNA viral gyrases make more mistakes than DNA viral helicases
- 5. The nucleotide sequences of the DNA molecules in the figure below were obtained from four different individuals, one wild type and three mutants. Wild Type 5'-TTATCCATGATCGGATCGATCCATTAGCCGA-3' 3'-AATAGGTACTAGCCTAGCTAGGTAATCGGCT-5’ Mutant I 5'-ATCCATGATCGGATTGATCCATTAGCCGAAT-3’ 3'-TAGGTACTAGCCTAACTAGGTAATCGGCTTA-5’ Mutant II 5'-CCGTTATCCATGATCGGATAGATCCATTAGCC-3’ 3'-GGCAATAGGTACTAGCCTATCTAGGTAATCGG-5’ Mutant III 5'-CACCGTTATCCATGATCGGAACGATCCATTAGC-3’ 3'-CAGGCAATAGGTACTAGCCTTGCTAGGTAATCG-5’ a) Identify the open reading frames in each sequence of DNA and translate them into proteins. Write down the sequence of amino acids that will be obtained after translation: b) Which of the mutations above would be least likely to cause a change in the function of the protein? Why? c) Which of the mutations above would probably cause a major disruption in the function of the protein? Why?14. What term describes this change + LYNAS age to DRZAT 15. Now, transcribe and translate the DNA strand below. Remember to use the start and stop sequences. ACGGTACCGTTAGCCGACATCGGGGACACTGACTCG2. Researchers were interested in a human syndrome characterized by short stature, hearing loss, premature aging and photosensitivity. Panel A shows the effect of UV on fibroblast survival. Panel B shows the effect of UV on lymphoblast replication. Panel C shows the effect of UV dose on unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), which is DNA synthesis that occurs at times other than S-phase. Ignore panel D. Based on these results, generate a possible hypothesis the molecular cause of this syndrome. Name one protein that could be involved and design experiment to test its involvement. Be sure to include appropriate controls. в 100 WT 0.8 P3 10 0.6 0.4 WT (L7) 0.2 L5 -L6 0.1 4 6 8 UV dose (J/m) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2 10 12 UV dose (J/m) 10000 140 WT 9000 120 8000 P2 7000 100 P3 WT 6000 CS P2 80 5000 60 4000 3000 40 2000 20 1000 2 4 8 10 12 10 UV dose (J/m) 15 20 UV dose (J/m) UDS/cell (AU) % Survival relative to unirradiated > % RRS relative to unirradiated O Population doublings in 72 h relative to…