What is the eqution and shape of the modem aggregate supply curve according to imperfect infomation model? Using the equation of Aggregate Supply (AS) derive the equation of Expectation augmented Phillips curve and explain causes of inflation in tems of it. How does expectation augmented Phillips curve explain Stagflation?
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- Would you expect to see long-run data trace out a stable downward-sloping Phillips curve?Refer to the accompanying figure. LRAS Inflation a A 0, y' Output O O An economy is currently in long-run equilibrium at point B, at an inflation rate of m, which is too high to sustain economic growth. If an anti-inflationary policy is enacted, the economy will be in short-run equilibrium at point creating gap. O SRAS O SRAS AD' AD A; an expansionary A; a recessionary D; a recessionary D; an expansionaryCheck According to the modern view of the Phillips curve, expansionary macroeconomic policy that leads to inflation will reduce unemployment .. only if people underestimate the inflationary side effects of the policy Ob only if people overestimate the inflationary side effects of the policy. Ocif people accurately anticipate the inflationary side effects of the policy Od only if monetary pohcy provides the macroeconomic stamulus.
- 1) According to the Phillips Curve, as unemployment falls what happens to inflation? Why? 2) According to the Phillips Curve, as unemployment rises what happents to inflaiton? Why? 3) According to the Aggregate Supply/ Aggrgeate Demand model, if AD increases what happebs to Price Level GDP and Unemployment 4) Accroding to the AS/AD model, if AD decreases what happens to PL, GDP and unemployment? 5) According to the AS/AD model if AS decreases what happens to PL GDP and unemployment? 6) Based on your answer to #5 how would you show the decrease in AS on the Philips Curve?Suppose that a borrower and a lender agree on thenominal interest rate to be paid on a loan. Theninflation turns out to be higher than they bothexpected.a. Is the real interest rate on this loan higher or lowerthan expected?b. Does the lender gain or lose from thisunexpectedly high inflation? Does the borrowergain or lose?c. Inflation during the 1970s was much higher thanmost people had expected when the decade began.How did this unexpectedly high inflation affecthomeowners who obtained fixed-rate mortgagesduring the 1960s? How did it affect the banks thatlent the moneyTwo main macroeconomic concerns are the problems of inflation andunemployment.a. What are the social costs of inflation? Explain TWO of them? b. What is natural rate of unemployment? Explain the TWO main causesof natural rate of unemployment. With reference specifically to ONEof these causes, suggest ONE practical government policy that reducesthe natural rate of unemployment.
- Illustrate and interpretthe short-run and longrun effects of temporary and permanentsupply shocksAccording to adaptive expectations, what happensto the inflation rate and the unemploymentrate in the following situations?a. Initially, the economy is operating at thenatural rate of 6 percent unemployment.The anticipated rate of inflation is6 percent, and the actual rate is also6 percent.b. In the next period, there is an unexpected risein the inflation rate to 10 percent.c. In the next period, there is an unexpected risein the inflation rate to 12 percent.The economy begins in longcrun equilibrium. Thenone day, the president appoints a new chair of theFederal Reserve. 11\is new chainnan is well known forher view that inflation is not a major problcn1 for aneconomy.a. How would this news affect the price level thatpeople would expect to prevail?b. How would this change in the expected pricelevel affect the nonlinal wage that workers andfmn.s agree to in their new labor contracts?c. How would this change in the nonlinal wageaffect the profitability of producing goods andservia,s at any given price level?d. How docs this change in profitability affect theshort-run aggregate-supply curve?e. ff aggregate demand is held constant, how docsthis sllift in the aggregate-supply curve affect theprice level and the quantity of output produced?f. Do you think this Fed chainnan was a goodappointment?
- 1) Explain the trade off between inflation and output in macroeconomics. 2)Exlain why the government may/may not be able to just randomly implement policies to increase ouput.Given the unpopularity of inflation, why don’t elected leaders always supportefforts to reduce inflation? Many economists believe that countries can reducethe cost of disinflation by letting their central banks make decisions aboutmonetary policy without interference from politicians. Why might this be so?2. Show a AD-AS graph inflation in the short run and the shift in the SAS necessary to eliminate it.