Find a solution for πt, yt and r₺ as function of the disturbances and the pa- rameters of the model. What are the effects of an unfavorable inflation shock (i.e. u increases) on output, interest rate and inflation in this case? Interpret your answer.
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- A Keynesian economy is described by the following equations. Consumption Cd = 250 + 0.5(Y - T) - 250r Investment Id = 250 - 250r Government purchases G = 300 Government taxes T = 300 Real money demand L = 0.5Y - 500r + πe Money supply M = 3000 Full-employment output Y = 1250 Expected inflation πe = 0 (HINT a: The expected rate of inflation is assumed to equal zero so that money demand depends directly on the real interest rate, which equals the nominal interest rate. Domestic Savings, Sd =Y - C - G. In equilibrium set domestic savings equal to domestic investment, so Sd = Id) Calculate the values of the real interest rate (r), consumption (Cd), and investment (Id) for the economy in general equilibrium.Let’s see whether the Keynesian conclusions hold under two differentscenarios.We still assume that (1) Prices were sticky, (2) Money market always clear. Now, instead of assuming that output isdemand determined we use the assumption that OUTPUT IS ALWAYS SUPPLY DETERMINED (in other words, if Y d isdifferent from Y s, then Y = Y s.)1. Under this new set up, starting from a classical equilibrium, what is the effect on the interest rate and on output ofa DECREASE in money supply?Analyze the implications of the New Keynesian Approach for rational Expectations. State your assumptions very well.
- Consider the basic neoclassical model. Suppose there is an increase in At. Draw 2 versions of the model, one in which labor supply is relatively elastic (sensitive to the real wage) and one with a relatively inelastic labor supply (relatively insensitive to the real wage). How do the magnitudes of changes in K ri, Wt (nominal wage) and Nt (labor) depend on the sensitivity of labor supply to the real wage? Explain How does the analysis change if there is an increase in ? (where O is a variable that captures characteristics other than the real wage that affect labor supply, such as unemployment insurance, demographic changes or changes in preferences).Explain the concept of “Divine Coincidence” and clearly state the cases where it holds and where it does not hold in the New-Keynesian model. In detail.Apparently, Keynes assumed stable prices regardless of the level of government money creation. Was this naive or simply wrong? Keynes had a great many theories within what he called his general theory which might have been discussed by him un-knowingly after his death. The tradeoff between inflation and unemployment, the so-called "Phillips Curve," by Milton Friedman reduced the need of disposable government spending claiming it was inflationary. Barron's suggests that the collapse of Keynes's theory was due to the global inflation that are so consistently referred to in many of its articles. We really can't say what was Keynes intent and all we can say is that all the above are true. both B and C are correct D
- Consider the AD-AS model Y = Y* — ay(π − π* ) + €D - π = π² + OB(Y−Y*) + €s Suppose the parameter values are a = 0.5, y = 2, p = 0.5, ß = 1 with inflation target * = 0.02 and natural output normalized to Y* = 1. = Suppose the economy begins in an initial long run equilibrium and there is then a temporary demand shock Ep = -0.05. In the short run, immediately following this shock, output and inflation are given by: Y = 1.025, π = -0.005 Y = 0.975, π = +0.005 Y = 1.025, π = +0.005 Y = 0.966, π = -0.003Assume that investment, government expenditures, taxes are autonomous.C = 2000 + 0.65* (Y-T)I = 900 – 50iG = 400T = 1500M = 1000P = 2L = 0.50Y-25ia.What is the value of the sensitivity money demand to the level of income?b.What is the value of the nominal supply?c.What expression represents the IS curve?d.What is the equilibrium interest rate, i*?e.What is the equilibrium income, Y*?In the basic New Keynesian model, suppose that there is an increase in the future marginal product of capital. Explain your results with the aid of diagrams. Suppose that the central bank keeps the nominal interest rate at its initial value. What will be the effect on current inflation and on output? Suppose that the economy initially faces an increase in anticipated future inflation and a zero output gap. When the shock occurs, what should the central bank do?
- A Keynesian economy is described by the following equations. Desired consumption equation: Cd = 300 + 0.4(Y – T) – 300r Desired investment equation: I d = 300 – 300r Government purchases G = 317 Taxes T = 305 Money demand equation L = 0.4Y – 600(r + πe ) The nominal money supply M = 4428 The expected rate of inflation, πe = 0.03 Full-employment values of output Y = 1305 2 (a) Calculate the values of the real interest rate, the price level, consumption, and investment for the economy in general equilibrium. (b) Now suppose government purchases increase to 347 with no change in taxes. What will be the real interest rate, the price level, output, consumption, and investment in the short run? What will be the real interest rate, the price level, output, consumption, and investment in the long run?Use the New-Keynesian model with partial sticky prices studied in class to analyse the following shock and policies (use the five-graph diagram to support your answer).a) The Covid-19 pandemic has caused recession in many countries, including the United States, Australia… Analyse the effects of this Covid shock which brings the Australian economy relatively close to the ZLB .b) The Central bank conducted conventional monetary policy to counter the shock. Suppose that due to this monetary policy, the economy is at the ZLB and output is still below potential level. Moreover, due to the intensification of the pandemic with deadly Delta variant, the zero lower bound is binding. Suggest the policy actions to bring output back to potential level.Take a look again at Figure 1 (originally from the page in the text titled "Neoclassical and Keynesian Perspectives in the AD-AS Model.") Price Level Pn Pi Pk ADK AD Yk ADn Ek Keynesian zone Real GDP Ei LRAS En SRAS Neoclassical zone Intermediate zone Yi Yn Figure 1. Keynes, Neoclassical, and Intermediate Zones in the Aggregate Supply Curve. Near the equilibrium Ek, In the Keynesian zone at the far left of the SRAS curve, small shifts in AD, elther to the right or the left, will affect the output level Yk, but will not much affect the price level. In the Keyneslan zone, AD largely determines the quantity of output. Near the equilibrium En. In the neoclassical zone at the far right of the SRAS curve, small shifts in AD, elther to the right or the left, will have relatively little effect on the output level Yn, but Instead will have a greater effect on the price level. In the neoclassical zone, the near-vertical SRAS curve close to the level of potential GDP largely determines the…