Threatened species often have small, isolated populations where mating between relatives occurs. Let's assume one of these threatened species has a disease controlled by a gene that has two alleles A and a. Only individuals with two copies of the "a" allele have the disease and die before reproducing. Question: What are the effects of inbreeding on the frequency of the "a" allele, and the frequency of the disease in the population?
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Threatened species often have small, isolated populations where mating between relatives occurs. Let's assume one of these threatened species has a disease controlled by a gene that has two alleles A and a. Only individuals with two copies of the "a" allele have the disease and die before reproducing.
What are the effects of inbreeding on the frequency of the "a" allele, and the frequency of the disease in the population?
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- Many recessive traits are very rare in a population, but cystic fibrosis does not follow this pattern. In some populations, the frequency of carriers for cystic fibrosis is 1/35. Does this mean that cystic fibrosis is not more common in inbred mating, such as those between first cousins? Why or why not? Could the frequency of carriers in the general population be a reason that cystic fibrosis is such a common disease? After all, avoiding cousin matings might not help prevent cystic fibrosis in one’s children if unrelated carriers (heterozygotes) are common.Short eyelashes are dominant to extra-long eye lashes. In a large, randomly mating population with no forces acting to change gene frequencies, 1600 people out of 10000 have extra-long eye lashes. a)What is the number of people in the population who are expected to be heterozygous? Show your calculation below. b) Would the frequency of the extra-long lash allele increase, decrease, or remain the same if long-lashed individuals preferentially mated with each other and no one else? Explain.background: Lizards often have bright coloration and in some species there is variation in coloration within populations. For the sake of simplicity, let’s assume that color is genetically determined by a single gene with two alleles that interact in a codominant fashion: r+r+ = red, r+r- = yellow, r-r- = white. Imagine there is a large population of these lizards where 1 in 200 lizards have the white coloration, 30 are yellow and the rest are red. A tsunami sweeps through the population! Although no lizards died, 10 random lizards were swept to a nearby island. One of these individuals is white while the rest were yellow. Over time, these individuals remain stuck on the island and form a new population. Eventually, 80% of this population has the white coloration. Assume that color does not affect fitness in either population. question: At the time of the founding of the smaller population, (when 1/10 were white, the rest yellow), what was the chance of fixation of the r- allele via…
- A population of mealworm beetles (Tenebrio molitor) called the founder generation-consisting of 150 Black (MM) individuals, 100 Brown (Mm) individuals and 250 Orange (mm) individuals-is established on a remote region of Puerto Rico. Mating within this population occurs at random, the three genotypes are selectively neutral and mutations occur at a negligible rate. (a) What are the frequencies of alleles M and m in the founder generation? Frequency of allele M= Frequency of allele m= (b) Calculate p2, 2pq, q2 and the expected number of MM individuals, Mm individuals, and mm individuals in the population, assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibriumYou are a scientist studying a population of beetles. Beetle color is controlled by two alleles at a single genetic locus. AA beetles are blue, Aa purple, and aa pink. You count 30 blue beetles, 10 purple beetles, and 40 pink beetles. a) What is the frequency of the A allele? [ Select ] b) What is the observed frequency of the Aa genotype? 1 Select ] c) Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of the aa gentoype? [ Select ] d) Is this beetle population evolving? I Select ]Grouse in Russia show a recessive mutation “short-tail” that causes problems in the control of direction when flying. In 2002 a survey of a large, freely interbreeding, population of 1,856 grouse revealed 142 with short tail feathers. After further random mating of survivors what would be the percentage of homozygous dominants, heterozygotes and homozygous recessives expected in the next generation in the absence of any further hunting?
- Below is a diagram showing decreased fitness before and after a hypothetical bottleneck in which all of the inbreeding depression is due to increased homozygosity for deleterious recessive alleles. The open circles show the average fitness of hypothetical 'mutant-free' individuals that have no deleterious alleles. The shaded circles show the average fitness of individuals produced by random mating. The dark circles show the average fitness of individuals with an Fof 0.25 (equivalent to full-sib matings). In the diagram on the right, imagine that 'before' refers to before genetic rescue has been instituted (that is, before managed gene flow into a small and isolated population). The circles are defined the same as above. Draw what the circles (unfilled, grey filling, and dark filling) would look like in the 'after' portion of the diagram, that is, after a single pulse of gene flow from a small number (~5) of translocated individuals, if fixed genetic load decreases in this population.…About 8% of the men in a population are red-green color blind (because of a sex-linked recessive allele). Answer the following questions, assuming random mating in the population, with respect to color blindness. a. What percentage of women would be expected to be color blind? b. What percentage of women would be expected to be heterozygous? c. What percentage of men would be expected to have normal vision two generations later?In a population of 500 individuals in Near East, the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles for autosomal recessive genetic disease PKU are 0,89 and 0,11 respectively. A is used to indicate the dominant allele, a is used to indicate the recessive allele. Assuming random mating, what are the expected genotype frequencies?
- Grouse in Russia show a recessive mutation “short-tail” that causes problems in the control of direction when flying. In 2002 a survey of a large, freely interbreeding, population of 1,856 grouse revealed 142 with short tail feathers. What proportion of the grouse population would you expect to be heterozygous at the short-tail locus ?Imagine you are studying a population of finches on one of the Galápagos Islands. You have been recording many of the birds’ physical traits, including the length of both wings. You observe that for 80% of individuals measured, the length of the left wing is not significantly different from the length of the right wing (in other words, they are symmetrical). But for about 20% of birds measured, the wing lengths are asymmetrical. This distribution is true from generation to generation. Suddenly, a rare 5-day windstorm takes over the island. After the storm, you spend the next several days netting each bird on the island that survived the storm. You discover that 85% of the birds with symmetrical wings survived the storm, whereas only 5% of the birds with asymmetrical wings did. a. Propose a hypothesis to explain this observation. b. If such storms become increasingly common due to changes in climate, how might you expect the population to change over time with respect to wing symmetry?Hitchhikers thumb is a recessive trait. We'll use: H=non-hitchhikers thumb allele and h=hitchhikers thumb allele. If the conditions in the previous question hold: people without hitchhiker's thumbs find people with hitchhiker's thumbs sexy and vice versa - (the Vive la diference theory-haha). This preference leads to non-random mating in a population that starts out in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and no evolutionary forces act on the population. What will happen to the frequency of the hitchhiker's allele (h) in the next generation? O It will stay the same. O The frequency of the hitchhiker's allele (h) will increase in the next generation. O The frequency of the hitchhiker's allele (h) will decrease in the next generation.