The existence of positive externalities associated with a programme of vaccination against a communicable disease justifies that: Select one: O a. The insurer should subsidise a part of the cost of vaccination, depending on the importance of the positive externalities. O b. The insurer should provide vaccinations at zero cost for the population. O c. The insurer should oblige each individual to pay the cost of the vaccination. O d. All the other answers are incorrect.
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- 12 Demand elasticity and social loss. Consider two vaccines for difffferent viruses χ and Ω Assume that the marginal cost of producing both drugs is constant and that the fixed cost is small. In other words, assume that the supply curve for both drugs is flat. a Suppose that demand for vaccine χ is price elastic, whereas demand for vaccine Ω is relatively inelastic. Plot the private demand curve for both drugs on separate axes. b For the sake of example, assume that both viruses have the same externality. Plot the social demand curve for both drugs and label the social loss in each case. c Explain intuitively why, all else equal, social loss is greater in the case of elastic demand than it is in the case of inelastic demand.Consider a uniformly mixed pollutant. If all of the polluters have different individual marginal abatement cost functions, then it wll not be possible to design a cost effective policy. Select one: O a. True O b. FalseConsider an infectious disease such as the flu which is spread primarily through virus particles in aerosolized respiratory droplets of already infected people. a In the midst of an infectious disease epidemic of this sort, is it privately rational for people to limit their exposure to other people, perhaps by staying home from work or not going to school? b An infected person who goes out into public areas and does not take precautions to contain their respiratory emissions clearly poses a negative externality on those around them. Does an uninfected person going out into public areas also pose a negative externality? c For a particularly severe disease outbreak of this sort, one possible government response is to exaggerate to the public both the harm that might arise from contracting the disease and the likelihood of contracting the disease. In what ways might such a strategy reduce the harm to the public from the disease epidemic? In what ways might such a strategy increase the…
- Why is it important for decision-makers in a county council to take cost-effectiveness into account when making decisions tointroduce a new treatment in the county council?From a cost benefit perspective, which is better... Autologous blood donation Allogeneic blood donation"Wearing mask and using the sanitizer has helped in controlling the spread of COVID-19". This statement is O a. All of these given options O b. A question O c. An opinion o d. Scientifically proven
- how does the covid vaccination affect or influence one’s personal & family health. how does it affect society as well?Suppose you are told that electronic cigarettes cause health problems such as depression and problems with arteries. You also are told that electronic cigarettes do NOT produce second-hand smoke, meaning that e-smoking (called "vaping") by one person does not harm a person standing nearby. How might economists respond? A standard welfare economist would say that e-smoking imposes an externality if health insurance is pooled and a. premiums are shared. A standard welfare economist would say that e-smoking does not increase social costs, unless having health O b. insurance makes people more likely to use electronic cigarettes. A behavioral economics would ask if people who use e-cigarettes become addicted. C. All of the above. d.George Akerloff focused the market for used cars and discussed an issue later generally called the "lemons problem." A "lemon" is a low quality used car, with the seller but not the potential buyer aware of this. Since sellers have more information about the quality of the car: O moral hazard causes an inefficiently large number of transactions to occur. O moral hazard causes an inefficiently small number of transactions to occur. adverse selection causes an inefficiently small number of transactions to Occur. adverse selection causes an inefficiently large number of transactions to occur. 1 Previous Next »
- For 11-18: GIVEN TREATMEN T CHOICES Treatment COST LIFE Treatment D $15,000 31 Treatment $17,000 29 W no treatment EXPECTANCY Treatment B $7,000 18 Treatment C $11,000 26 Treatment Y $9,000 19 Treatment X $13,000 23 Treatment A $3,000 10 Treatment Z $5,000 16 $0 2 11. Which of the following is true? A) X OD C B) W is OD by C C) COD W D) W is OD by D B) X only C) X and W D) W only years years years years years years years years years E) all the choices are true 12. Identify all the obviously dominated treatments A) A and Z 13. Name all the obviously DOMINATING treatments. (only the treatments that obviously dominate other treatment(s) A) Y and B B) X and W C) C only D) C and D E) A,Z,B,Y,Z,D: all these treatments that are not obviously dominated, obviously dominate some treatmentThe goal of health insurance is to O spread financial risk over a large group of people O equally distribute the probabifity of loss over a large number of people collect sufficient premiums to cover all possible losses O equalize the availability of medical care across population groups O redistribute income from the sick to the healthyA pharmaceutical company develops a vaccine against malaria, a disease that kills large numbers of people worldwide. This vaccine market presents Opositive externalities Onegative externalities Opublic goods Osocial cost and as a result Othe private demand for vaccine is greater than the social demand Othe social demand for vaccines is greater than the private demand Othe market will result in an over production of vaccines Othe price of the vaccine will be too low to generate profitfor the firm ZER F11 F12 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 prt s