The deciding shot in a soccer game comes down to a penalty shot. If the goal-keepe umps in one corner and the player shots the ball in the other, then it is a goal. If the goalie jumps left and the player shoots left, then it is a goal with probability 1/3. If che goalie jumps right and the player shots right, it is goal with probability 2/3. f both players play Nash strategies, what is the expected value of goals that will Follow from this penalty shot. O 1/9 2/9 3/9 O4/9 5/9 6/9 7/9
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- Consider the game of Chicken in which each player has the option to “get out of the way” and “hang tough” with payoffs: Get out of the way Hang tough Get out of the way 2,2 1,3 Hang tough 3,1 00 a. Find all pure strategy Nash equilibria, if they exist b. Let k be the probability that player 1 chooses “hang tough” and u be the probability that player two chooses “hang tough.” Find the mixed stragety Nash equilibria, if they existProfessor can give a TA scholarship for a maximum of 2 years. At the beginning of each year professor Hahn decides whether he will give a scholarship to Gong Yi or not. Gong Yi can get a scholarship in t=2, only if he gets it in t=1. Basically, the professor and TA will play the following game twice. TA can be a Hardworking type with probably 0.3 and can be a Lazy type with a probability of 0.7. Professor does not know TA's type. If TA is hard working, it will be X=5 and TA will always work if he gets a scholarship. If TA is lazy, it will be X= 1. There is no time discount for t=2. Find out a Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium of the game.Player 1 and Player 2 will play one round of the Rock-Paper-Scissors game. The winner receives a payoff +1, the loser receives a payoff -1. If it is a tie, then each player receives a payoff zero. Suppose Player 2 is using a non-optimal strategy: he/she plays Rock with probability 35%; Paper with probability 45%; and Scissors with probability 20%. Given that Player 1 knows Player 2 is using this strategy, the best response of Player 1 is to play O a mixed strategy with probability 1/3 each (Rock, Paper and Scissors) O Scissors with probability 100% O any strategy (any strategy is a best response for Player 1) O Rock with probability 100% O Paper with probability 100%
- 1.a) If the three executives of a fraudulent organization report nothing to the authorities, each gets a payoff of 100. If at least one of them blows the whistle, then those who reported the fraud get 28, while those who didn’t get -100. Suppose they play a symmetric mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium where each is silent (does not report fraud) with probability p. What is p?A, 0.1B, 0.28C, 0.5D, 0.8 b) In a two-player game, with strategies and (some known and some unknown) payoffs as shown below, suppose a mixed-strategy equilibrium exists where 1 plays C with probability 3/4, and Player 2 randomizes over X, Y, and Z with equal probabilities. What are the pure-strategy equilibria of this game? A, (A, Y) and (B, X)B, (A, Z) and (C, Y)C, (B, X) and (C, X)D, (C, X) and (C, Y)on 8.1 Consider the following game: Player 1 A C D 7,6 5,8 0,0 Player 2 E 5,8 7,6 1, 1 F 0,0 1,1 4,4 a. Find the pure-strategy Nash equilibria (if any). b. Find the mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium in which each player randomizes over just the first two actions. c. Compute players' expected payoffs in the equilibria found in parts (a) and (b). d. Draw the extensive form for this game.You and I play the following game. Hidden from you, I put a coin in my hand: with probability p it is a 10 pence coin and otherwise it is a 20 pence coin. You now guess which coin is in my hand: you guess it is 20 pence with probability s and otherwise you guess it is a 10 pence coin. You get to win the coin if you guess correctly and otherwise win nothing. What (in terms of p and s) is your expected gain in pence from playing this game once with me? Challenge: suppose we are going to play repeatedly and you want to maximise your gain and I wish to minimise my loss. What value of p should I choose and what value of s should you choose? (This question is somewhat ill-defined, but it does have an interesting possible answer.) (Note: anything labelled "challenge" will not be part of the hand-in.)
- 4. You have probably had the experience of trying to avoid encountering someone, whom we will call Rocky. In this instance, Rocky is trying to find you. It is Saturday night and you are choosing which of two possible parties to attend. You like Party 1 better and, if Rocky goes to the other party, you get a payoff 20 at Party 1. If Rocky attends Party 1, however, you are going to be uncomfortable and get a payoff of 5. Similarly, Party 2 gives you a payoff of 15, unless Rocky attends, in which case the payoff is 0. Rocky likes Party 2 better, but he is likes you. He values Party 2 at 10, Party 1 at 5, and your presence at either party that he attends is worth an additional payoff of 10. You and Rocky both know each others strategy space (which party to attend) and payoffs functions.For the following simultaneous move game, we want to find a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium. ROWENA Safe 4*q + 4*(1-q) = Risky Safe 1 4,4 1,4 COLIN Risky 4,1 We denote Colin's mixture probability on Safe by q.. To find q in Colin's mixed strategy Nash equilibrium, we apply indifference property to player Rowena 's expected payoffs from pure strategies in mixture: 6,6 +q+6 *(1-q)2. Consider the following Bayesian game with two players. Both players move simultaneously and player 1 can choose either H or L, while player 2's options are G, M, and D. With probability 1/2 the payoffs are given by "Game 1" : GMD H 1,2 1,0 1,3 L 2,4 0,0 0,5 and with probability 1/2 the payoffs are according to "Game 2" : G |M|D H 1,2 1,3 1,0 L 2,4 0,5 0,0 (a) Find the Nash Equilibria when neither player knows which game is actually played. (b) Assume now that player 2 knows which one among the two games is actually being played. Check that the game has a unique Bayesian Nash Equilibrium.
- Consider a game in which two players simultaneously pick an integer from 1 through 10. Let s1 denote choice of player 1, and let S2 denote the choice of player 2. If s1 7 82 then player 1's payoff is: Si + 82 2 and player 2's payoff is 10 – ,*. Si + 82 2 If s1 = 82 then each player gets 5. How many pure strategy Nash equilibria does the game have (you will get full points if you are within 2 of the correct answer)? Numerical answer10 1. Consider the game where initially She chooses between "Stay Home" and "Go Out". If She chooses "Stay Home" then She gets 2 and He gets 0. If She chooses "Go Out" then they each simultaneously choose "Movie" or "Concert" where the payoffs are 0,1 or 3 as in the Battle of the Sexes Game. What are the subgame perfect Nash Equilibria of this game ?With what probability does player 1 play Down in the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium? (Input your answer as a decimal to the nearest hundredth, for example: 0.14, 0.56, or 0.87). PLAYER 1 Up Down PLAYER 2 Left 97,95 47, 33 Right 8,43 68,91