Take the model of intertemporal consumer choice. A consumer's income in the current period is 179, and income in the future period is 178. He or she pays lump-sum taxes t = 17 in the current period and t' = 32 in the future period. The real interest rate is 4 % per period. Current and future consumptions are perfect complements for the consumer and s/he always wants to have equal consumption in the current and future periods. Calculate optimal saving of the representative consumer. (It might be a negative number.)
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- A consumer's current income (y) is 200 and the future income ( t.') is 240. A current lump sum tax (t) of 10 is paid and the tax in the next period (t) is 15. The real interest rate is 20% for each period. Please assume that current and future consumption are complements. and the consumer always prefers to have one unit of current consumption and two units of consumption in the future. Calculate the optimal current and future consumption and the optimal current and future savings. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? How does he she. as a lender or a borrower. affect the future consumption?A consumer's current income (y) is 200 and the future income ( t.') is 240. A current lump sum tax (t) of 10 is paid and the tax in the next period (t') is 15. The real interest rate is 20% for each period. Please assume that current and future consumption are complements. and the consumer always prefers to have one unit of current consumption and two units of consumption in the future.Calculate the consumer's lifetime wealth.Calculate the optimal current and future consumption and the optimal current and future savings. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? How does he she. as a lender or a borrower. affect the future consumption?Suppose that a person can borrow and lend at an interest rate of 10 percent. But there is a 5% rate of inflation and one has to pay an income tax of 30 % on all interest income. If you borrow money, you can deduct interest as an expense. Where current consumption is on the horizontal axis and future consumption is on the vertical axis: (a) the budget line will have a kink at the point of no saving or lending. (b) the budget line will be a straight line with a slope of about 1: 02. (c) the budget line will be a straight line with a slope of about 1:05. (d) the budget line will be a straight line with a slope of about 1:35.
- Assume an economy with 1000 consumers. Each consumer has income in the current period of 50 units and future income of 60 units, and pays a lump-sum tax of 10 in the current period and 20 in the future period. The market real interest rate is 8%. Of the 1000 consumers, 500 consume 60 units in the future, while 500 consume 20 units in the future. a) Determine each consumer's current consumption and current saving. b) Determine aggregate private saving, aggregate consumption in each period, government spending in the current and future periods, the current-period government deficit, of the quantity of debt issued by the government in the current period. c) Suppose that current taxes increase to 15 for each consumer. Repeat parts (a) and (b) and explain your results.Assume an economy with 600 consumers. Each consumer has income in the current period of 70 units and future income of 80 units and pays a lump-sum tax of 10 in the current period and 25 in the future period. The market real interest rate is 12%. Of the 600 consumers, 400 consume 70 units in the future, while 200 consume 20 units in the future. a. Determine each consumer's current consumption and current saving. For the group of consumers that consume 70 units in the future, current consumption is and current saving is For the group of consumers that consume 20 units in the future, current consumption is, and current saving is (Round to two decimal places as needed.)Given that the individual is a saver, show the impact of:i) An increase in interest rate on Current and future consumption levels when SE > IEii) A decrease in interest rate on Current and future consumption levels when SE < IE
- #3 . Assume an economy with 1000 consumers. Each consumer has income in the current period of 50 units and future income of 60 units, and pays a lump-sum tax of 10 in the current period and 20 in the future period. The market real interest rate is 8%. Of the 1000 consumers, 500 consume 60 units in the future, while 500 consume 20 units in the future. (a) Determine each consumer’s current consumption and current saving. (b) Determine aggregate private saving, aggregate consumption in each period, government spending in the current and future periods, the current-period government deficit, and the quantity of debt issued by the government in the current period.Q.3.4 Year (Base year) 2018 2019 2020 2021 Cost of a basket (R) of consumer goods/services Explain, with the aid of an equation, the components of the consumption function. 1850 2190 2380 2560Saving in the economy Multiple Choice Occurs when current spending is less than current incomes. and investment are essentially the same concept. Occurs when current consumption is more than current output. is generally not a determinant of future output.
- “Permanent Income of consumption is just the average of all current and future incomes. Thus, one does not need to do the maximisation of intertemporal utility”. True or False. Discuss according to the model. Note that you need to discuss according to the model?Question 2: Consider a consumer who lives for two periods. The consumer's current- period income is y, future-period income is y' and y> y'. The consumer considers the current- period consumption (c) and future-period consumption (c') to be perfect complements. The consumer also likes to perfectly smooth consumption over time, i.e. c = c'. The consumer faces a borrowing rate (r) that is higher than the lending rate (r). There is no limits on borrowing or lending. 1. Draw a diagram with c on horizontal axis and c' on vertical axis. Draw the consumer's budget constraint and indifference curves. Show the equilibrium. Is the consumer a borrower on a lender? Briefly explain. 2. The government introduces fully-funded social security. The consumer is required to contribute t to the consumer's social security account with the government. The gov- ernment promises to pay b in benefits in the next period, where b = t(1+r). The size of the social security contributions is such that y − tSuppose that y =100 (income today) • y' = 150 (income tomorrow) 10% (interest rate on bonds) %3D r = • t = 10 (taxes today) • t' = 10 (taxes tomorrow) Suppose that c = 100. Is the consumer borrowing or saving, today? And what will her budget constraint look tomorrow? The consumer is borrowing. Her budget constraint tomorrow will be c' = 150 -10 - 10*(1.1) = 129 The consumer is saving. Her budget constraint tomorrow will be c' = 150 -10 + 10*(1.1) = 151 O The consumer is neither borrowing nor saving - she is breaking even. Her budget constraint tomorrow will be c' = 150 -10 = 140 O The consumer is saving. Her budget constraint tomorrow will be c' = 150 + 10*(1.1) = 161 %DSEE MORE QUESTIONS