A consumer receives income y in the current period and income y' in the future period, and pays taxes of t and t' in the current and future periods, respectively. The consumer can borrow and lend at the real interest rate r. This consumer faces a constraint on how much he or she can borrow, much like the credit limit typically placed on a credit card account. That is, the consumer cannot borrow more than x, where x
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- Which of the following is a major factor in determining an individual's supply of savings? A: Patience B: Investment C: GDPWhen analyzing how borrowing and lending affect the consumer's budget constraint, we measure spending in the current time period on the horizontal axis and spending in the future time period on the vertical axis. Assume that the interest rate at which the consumer can lend and borrow is 10%, income in period 1 is $1000 and income in period 2 is $1200. The point of maximum current consumption can be expressed as 1000+ 1200/1.1. 1000(1.1) + 1200. 1000+ 1200 + .1 1000/1.1 + 1200/1.1 + 1.Samantha Smoothie’s utility function is U(c1, c2) = c1c2, where c1 is her consumption in period 1 and c2 is her consumption in period 2. She earns $200 in period 1 and $220 in period 2. Samantha can borrow and lend at an interest rate of 10% and there is no inflation. The number of dollars that Samantha spends in the second period must be (C) a. more than 200 but less than 220. b. exactly 220. c. more than 220. d. exactly 200. e. less than 200.
- Suppose that y =100 (income today) • y' = 150 (income tomorrow) 10% (interest rate on bonds) %3D r = • t = 10 (taxes today) • t' = 10 (taxes tomorrow) Suppose that c = 100. Is the consumer borrowing or saving, today? And what will her budget constraint look tomorrow? The consumer is borrowing. Her budget constraint tomorrow will be c' = 150 -10 - 10*(1.1) = 129 The consumer is saving. Her budget constraint tomorrow will be c' = 150 -10 + 10*(1.1) = 151 O The consumer is neither borrowing nor saving - she is breaking even. Her budget constraint tomorrow will be c' = 150 -10 = 140 O The consumer is saving. Her budget constraint tomorrow will be c' = 150 + 10*(1.1) = 161 %DA consumer's current income (y) is 200 and the future income ( t.') is 240. A current lump sum tax (t) of 10 is paid and the tax in the next period (t') is 15. The real interest rate is 20% for each period. Please assume that current and future consumption are complements. and the consumer always prefers to have one unit of current consumption and two units of consumption in the future.Calculate the consumer's lifetime wealth.Calculate the optimal current and future consumption and the optimal current and future savings. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? How does he she. as a lender or a borrower. affect the future consumption?1 Selim has no income in period 1 (consumption now) and an income of 1800₺ in period 2 (consumption later). The current interest rate is 20% (r=0.2) on consumer loans. Based on this information, answer the following questions a. What is the maximum amount that Selim can borrow to spend in period 1? Explain your answer. b. Can he spend 600 in period 2 and borrow 1000 in period 1?
- Suppose a credit market with good borrowers and 1−a bad borrower. The good borrowers are all identical and always repay their loans. Bad borrowers never repay their loans. Banks issue deposits that pay a real interest rate r, and make loans to borrowers. Banks cannot tell the difference between a good borrower and a bad one. Each borrower has collateral, which is an asset that is worth A units of future consumption goods in the future period. Determine the interest rate on loans made by banks. How will the interest rate change if each borrower has more collateral?Suppose Latasha is a sports fan and buys only baseball caps. Latasha deposits $3,000 in a bank account that pays an annual nominal interest rate of 5%. Assume this interest rate is fixed-that is, it won't change over time. At the time of her deposit, a baseball cap is priced at $10.00. Initially, the purchasing power of Latasha's $3,000 deposit is baseball caps. For each of the annual inflation rates given in the following table, first determine the new price of a baseball cap, assuming it rises at the rate of inflation. Then enter the corresponding purchasing power of Latasha's deposit after one year in the first row of the table for each inflation rate. Finally, enter the value for the real interest rate at each of the given inflation rates. Hint: Round your answers in the first row down to the nearest baseball cap. For example, if you find that the deposit will cover 20.7 baseball caps, you would round the purchasing power down to 20 baseball caps under the assumption that Latasha…Assume consumers with standard preferences live for two periods. They receive an income in each period (? and ?′) and pay lump-sum taxes to the government (? and ?′). Credit markets are not perfect, and borrowers are charged a higher interest rate than lenders. The government never defaults, and faces the lenders’ interest rate whether it borrows or lends. Which are true? a) The number of lenders is equal to the number of borrowers b) A reduction in taxes in the current period without changes in the lifetime burden of taxes increases current consumption for a lender c) A borrower is better off if there is a reduction in the interest rate paid by borrowers d) A borrower is better off if there is a reduction in the interest rate paid by borrowers, but only if the substitution effect dominates the income effect e) A reduction in taxes in the current period without changes in the lifetime burden of taxes may transform a borrower into a lender
- Assume consumers with standard preferences live for two periods. They receive an income in each period (y and y′) and pay lump-sum taxes to the government (t and t′). Credit markets are not perfect, and borrowers are charged a higher interest rate than lenders. The government never defaults, and faces the lenders’ interest rate whether it borrows or lends. Which are true? a) The number of lenders is equal to the number of borrowers b) A reduction in taxes in the current period without changes in the lifetime burden of taxes increases current consumption for a lender c) A borrower is better off if there is a reduction in the interest rate paid by borrowers d) A borrower is better off if there is a reduction in the interest rate paid by borrowers, but only if the substitution effect dominates the income effect e) A reduction in taxes in the current period without changes in the lifetime burden of taxes may transform a borrower into a lenderA retired woman has $50,000 to invest but needs to make $6,000 a year from the interest to meet certain living expenses. One bond investment pays 15% simple annual interest. The rest of it she wants to put in a CD that pays 7% simple interest. a) Let x be the amount the woman invests in the 15% bond. Write an expression, in terms of x, that tells how much the woman invests in the CD. b) Set up an equation that can be used to determine how much the woman should invest in each option to earn $6,000 per year in interest. c) Solve the equation from part b) to determine how much should be invested in each option.Question 2: Consider a consumer who lives for two periods. The consumer's current- period income is y, future-period income is y' and y> y'. The consumer considers the current- period consumption (c) and future-period consumption (c') to be perfect complements. The consumer also likes to perfectly smooth consumption over time, i.e. c = c'. The consumer faces a borrowing rate (r) that is higher than the lending rate (r). There is no limits on borrowing or lending. 1. Draw a diagram with c on horizontal axis and c' on vertical axis. Draw the consumer's budget constraint and indifference curves. Show the equilibrium. Is the consumer a borrower on a lender? Briefly explain. 2. The government introduces fully-funded social security. The consumer is required to contribute t to the consumer's social security account with the government. The gov- ernment promises to pay b in benefits in the next period, where b = t(1+r). The size of the social security contributions is such that y − tSEE MORE QUESTIONS