Supposed the Philippine government would allow refugees from Afghanistan to reside in a particular local area in our country. Some of the Afghanistan men and women would marry with the certain locals and produce new generation of offspring. What would be the consequences to the genetic diversity in the population of that area after some decades? Apply the concepts of genetic mechanisms to population change.
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- .. Nowadays, newborn babies are required to be tested for phynylketonuria (PKU), an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. If untreated, individual homozygous for PKU suffer mental retardation. In a recent year, 4 PKU babies were detected out of 126,000 tested. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg conditions, what is the frequency of the PKU gene in this population (Give your answer in decimal number with 3 decimal places)?1. What is the function of melanin in humans? What is the function of melanin in other species? 2. According to the film, why is there a lack of diversity in the MC1R allele among African populations? 3. According to the film, why was dark skin selected for regions close to the equator? 4. Describe the selective pressure favoring light skin in regions far from the equator. 5. Which human populations living in which environments are most at risk for rickets today and why?1. The compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) tastes very bitter to most persons. The inability to taste PTC is controlled by a single recessive gene. In the American white population, about 70% can taste PTC while 30% cannot (are non-tasters). Estimate the frequencies of the Taster (T) and nontaster (t) alleles in this population as well as the frequencies of the genotypes
- 6. Interpreting Data The figure below shows the frequency of foot phenotypes in a population of blue-footed boobies. What is the frequency of the w allele in this population? a) 0.2 b) 0.4 Phenotypes c) 0.5 Genotypes ww Ww ww d) 0.6 Number of animals (total = 500) 320 160 20 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 7. Interpreting Data The figure below shows the frequency of foot phenotypes in a population of blue-footed boobies. What is the expected frequency of the WW genotype in this population assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (Hint: The frequency of W is 0.5 and the frequency of w is 0.5.) a) 0.20 Phenotypes b) 0.25 c) 0.40 Genotypes ww Ww w d) 0.50 Number of animals (total = 500) 320 160 20 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 8. Interpreting Data The figure below shows the frequency of foot phenotypes in a population of blue-footed boobies. Is this population in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium? а) yes b) no Phenotypes Genotypes Ww ww Number of animals 320 160 20 (total =…1. Early hunter-gatherers were interbreeding with colonists who brought agriculture from the Middle East. Did genetic adaptations of agriculturalists, such as the ability to digest milk as an adult, might have undergone genetic recombination with genetic adaptations of hunter-gatherers to potentially create a better adapted population in terms of survival and reproductive success? Why or why not?1. 9. You are a genetiCıst studying a population of 100 barn swallows. You are particularly interested in one gene, and upon examining the alleles present, you find one allele is quite common, accounting for 80 of the alleles in this population. What is the frequency of this allele in the population? 4. 5. The ability to breathe fire in dragons is controlled by a single gene with two alleles. The fire-breathing allele (F) is dominant to the non-fire breathing allele (f). In a population of 600 dragons, 150 dragons are non-fire breathing (ff) and the rest can breathe fire (either FF or Ff) The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the dominant allele (F) is represented by "p and the frequency of the recessive allele (f) is represented by "q". Recall the allele frequency is p+ q = 1 and the Hardy-Weinburg equation is p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 (2 pts). What is the frequency of the recessive allele (f)? Hint: you can figure out the frequency of ff, which is equal to q2, but…
- 2 2. A survey was conducted for a certain trait (the ability to roll tongue or inability to roll the tongue) in a population. The result shows that 215 of the respondents can roll their tongue and 85 cannot roll their tongue. The picture below shows a person rolling his tongue. Rolling the tongue into a tube shape is often described as a dominant trait. If the dominant allele is represented by R (can roll tongue) and r represents the recessive allele, calculate the phenotypic frequencies, allele frequencies, the expected numbers of the three genotypic classes and the expected numbers of the two phenotypic classes (assuming random mating). Using chi-square test, determine whether or not this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. REMEMBER: Genotype Phenotype Can roll tongue Cannot roll tongue HWE term p2 and 2pq q2 RR and Rr rr1.) Suppose that the frequency of a recessive allele is found to be 0.30. When the same population is sampled five years later, the frequency of the recessive allele is found to be 0.20. Do these findings indicate that the Hardy-Weinberg principle is false? Justify your response. 2.) Cystic fibrosis is an inherited recessive disorder that causes especially thick mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract. The mucus makes it difficult to clear micro-organisms from the airways, so people with cystic fibrosis are prone to dangerous respiratory infections. Among Caucasians, about one in every 3000 newborns is affected by this condition. Determine the frequency of the cystic fibrosis allele among Caucasians. What proportion of this population would you expect to be heterozygous carriers of the cystic fibrosis allele? Express your answers as decimals.1. Imagine a population of 100 snails in which the shell colour is controlled by two alleles: B (black) and b (yellow). (1) What is the total number of loci for shell colour gene in this population? (ii) In the snail population described above, 20 out of the snails are yellow (bb) and 80 are black (BB or Bb). Of the 80 black snails=, 30 are homozygous and 50 are heterozygous. How many loci for this gene are occupied by the B allele? (ii) What is the frequency of the B allele? (iv) Assuming that sexual reproduction takes place with random mating, no gene flow and no selection, what will be the frequency of yellow snails in next generation of the population described above? (v) What will be the frequency of the b allele in the next generation of the snail population described below
- 1. A sample of 600 individuals from a population is examined for the presence of the HindIII polymorphism in an autsomal Sca gene. There are two alleles of Sca gene, A and a. The results are 14 individuals are AA, 212 are Aa, 374 are aa. Please answer the following questions accordingly? How many alleles are present in the gene pool in the sample population fort he Sca gene? What are the genotype frequencies? What are the frequencies of A and a alleles? What are the expected numbers of the three genotypes, assuming random1. What is the expected time to fixation in generations for a new mutation in a diploid population (like humans) with an effective population size of 50? This new mutation is neutral and has no impact on fitness (e.g. synonymous polymorphism). Assuming the mutation isn’t lost immediately, will it reach fixation faster in a population of Ne=500 or Ne=5,000 and why?1. Certain flowers are either red (dominant) or white (rr). 91% of the flowers are red. Using the equations, calculate the frequency of the R allele. First you replace R and r for p and q. Thus we know that q2 = .09, because only the homozygous recessives will be white. *changed away from percentages to work the math more easily* What is the frequency of the R allele in this population? 2. In a coastal city in Nigeria, the incidence of Sickle-Cell disease is 4% of the population. Based on this information, what is the frequency of this allele in the population of that city? 3. In a given human population, only the "A" and "B" alleles are present in the ABO system; there are no individuals with type "O" blood or with O alleles in this particular population. If 200 people have type A blood, 75 have type AB blood, and 25 have type B blood, what are the alleleic frequencies of this population (i.e., what are p and q)? 4. An allele W, for white wool, is dominant over allele w, for…