Part 1. In dilute acid, hexoses exist in equilibrium with the corresponding 1,6-anhydrosugars. For D-gulose 65% of the 1,6-anhydro sugar is present at equilibrium, whereas for D-galactose the anhydro-sugar is present in only 0.8%. Use drawing and a minimum of words to explain these populations.
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- Psilocybin is a natural product of psychotropic "magic" mushrooms and has the Following structure: HO HO O=0 Psilocybin The pK a Of the first phosphate oxygen is 1.3, the pK. Of the second phosphate oxygen is 6.2, And the pKa Of the tertiary amine is 10.4. What is the average charge of psilocybin when Dissolved in your carbonic acid buffer of pH=6?1. Draw an approximate titration curve for lysine, given that its pKa(COOH) = 2.18, its pKa(NH3*) = 8.95, and its pka(R) = 10.53. a. What pH ranges would Lys be a good buffer at? b. What is the pl of Lys? C. Draw the structures of the predominant species in solution at (i) pH 0, (ii) pH 7, (iii) pH 9.5, (iv) pH 12.Blood pH is maintained at a range of 7.4. The following set of equations representsthe reactions of the blood buffering system. The pk, for the dissociation ofH,COg into HOg and H* is 6.3.Carbonic AnhydraseCO2 + H2OH2CO3> HCO3- + H+(a) (Calculate the ratio [HCO3 ]/[H,COg] at physiological pH. Show work.(b)) An individual with diabetes presented at an urgent care with fatigue andnausea. Lab tests showed that their blood [HOg ]/[H,COg] ratio was 3.4. Whatwas the pH of the patient's blood? Show work.(c) ) Clinic staff also noticed that the patient was breathing rapidly. What isthe reason for this rapid breathing and how might it help alleviate the patient'scondition?
- The free energy of hydrolysis for acetic anhydride is221.8 kJ/ mol. The conversion of ATP to ADP also involvesthe cleavage of an anhydride bond. Its free energy of hydrolysis is 230 kJ/ mol. Explain the difference in these values.The ideal buffer range for any amino acids is pH above or below its pI values because the amino acid will get get precipitated at its pI. pKa1 of -COOH group of Cys = 1.71 pKa2 of -NH2 group of Cys = 10.78 pKa3 of side chain group of Cys = 8.33 (it indicates that the thiol group of Cys is a strong acid than the -NH2 group pf Cys as pKa Cys side chain is lower). Thiol side chain of Cys will loose proton first than -NH2. Net charge on Cys is zero in structure B, i.e. Structure B is a zwitterion and pI can be calculated from pKa1 and pKa3. Structure B of Cys, pI = (8.33 + 1.71) / 2 = 10.04/2 = 5.02 pH above its pI the Cys will be -vely charged (deprotonated) while pH below its pI it will be +vely charged (protonated). So, selection of buffer depends on its pI values, not pKa values of each functional group, QUESTION: What are the buffer regions/effective pH range?Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used to treat glaucoma. It has two acidic groups and has 2 pKb’s as shown below: What is the concentration of acetazolamide (B), in a 0.5000 M solution of acetazolamide (B)? What is the concentration of hydrogen acetazolamide (BH+) in a 0.5000 M solution of acetazolamide (B)?
- 7. · In the space provided, sketch a titration curve (pH vs H+ ions dissociated) of a phosphate buffer shown below. The pKa of H2PO4 is 7.0. H,PO, НРО, + 9. 8. 7 pH 3 1.0 0.5 H+ dissociated --> b. What is the effective buffering range of this acid? At what pH will you have 25% of the buffer in the form of H2PO4? с.Show a(１３：1)Cis Fatty-acid that is △^10 and what it is called in Omega No man clay.tur. Compared to trans version would this one or trans have higher/lowr Melting.P?why?Quinine ( C20 H24 N2 O2) is the most important alkaloid derived from cinchona bark. It is used as an antimalarial drug. For quinine, pK, = 5.1 and pK, = 9.7 ( pKp = – log Kp). Only 1 g quinine will dissolve in 1920.0 mL of solution. Calculate the pH of a saturated aqueous solution of quinine. Consider only the reaction | Q+ H2O= QH+ + OH- described by pK, where Q = quinine. pH =
- A researcher wants to look for glucaronic acid conjugated metabolites in sample of urine(glucaronic acid conjugation is a common method of metabolism for excretion.) Pronotated glucaronic acid conjugated metabolite ions often lose anhydroglucaronic acid(176 Da) during low energy CID. Which triple quadrupole experiment might be best for finding these conjugates?The skeletal structures of the two amino acids, glycine and lysine, are given below along with the values of the relevant acid dissociation constants (pKa). NH,* PK, - 10.79 - HạN*CH2CO,¯ S pK¸=2.35 (CH2)4 - H3N*CHCO,- pK,=9,78 lysine (Lys) glycine (Gly) pK, = 9.18 pK, - 2.16 For an aqueous solution of glycine alone, calculate the value of pH at which the ratio of the concentration of neutral glycine zwitterions to the concentration of protonated cation is 102. On your under each of the following conditions. In the blank, provide the total charge of the dipeptide. (Example: If the charge is two plus write the answer simply as 2, if the charge is negative two write the answer as -2). draw the skeletal structure of the dipeptide, Lys-Gly, when it is solvated in an aque us solution i. pH= 1 ii. pH= 12HEPES, 4-(2-hydro)-1-piperazine ethane sulfonic acid, shown below. fully protonated, has pKa’s of 3.00 and 7.55. It is a commonly used buffer for tissue culture and organ storage during transplantation due in part to its effectiveness over a wide temperature range. One-way oxalic acid can be produced in fungi by hydrolysis of oxaloacetate, an intermediate in the Kreb’s citric acid cycle, to produce oxalic acid and acetic acid. This reaction, shown below, is catalyzed by oxaloacetase. [O2CC(O)CH2CO2] 2− + H2O → C2O44−+ CH3COO− + H+ oxaloacetate oxalic acid acetate In a 1-ml reaction mixture containing 50 mM NaCl, 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.8, 5 mM oxaloacetate and 5 pmol oxaloacetase, complete hydrolysis of the oxaloacetate was achieved in 10 minutes of incubation at 30°C. What was the pH of the reaction mixture at the end of the reaction?