2.1 ANSWER THE TABLE II. ATP ACCOUNTING, Provide what is being asked for. Show all relevant calculations and summarize youranswers in the table below.A Consider the following types of cell and their respective conditions:i.a liver cell with non-functional malate-aspartate shuttle** Assume that the deficiency is isolated and will not influence the function of other respirationcomponentsIn these cells/tissues, determine the following from the catabolism of the 2.5 moles of the disaccharidelactose (will be hydrolyzed first to yield glucose and galactose).a. Net ATP from glycolysisb.ATP from oxidative decarboxylation (if applicable)CATP formed from Krebs cycle (if applicable)d.Total net ATPSummarize your final answers in the given table and append your complete solutions in the following page.Write zero (0) in the box if it is your answer.B. LACTOSEabCd1. a liver cell with non-functionalmalate-aspartate shuttle*Assume that the deficiency is isolated and will not influence the function of other respiration components

The production of ATP in liver cells when the malate-aspartate shuttle isn't working properly. The…

Answered: II. ATP ACCOUNTING, Provide what is…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11P

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1. State if true or false a. Gluconeogenesis is the exact opposite of the glycolytic pathway b. The end-product of glycolysis is Acetyl CoA c. There is no enzyme being secreted in the stomach for carbohydrate digestion d.Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, which is active in skeletal muscles and in the brain, bypasses Complex I and II of ETC resulting to less energy produced compared to malate-aspartate shuttle. e. Insoluble NSP has high water holding capacity and will increase the intestinal transit time of digesta.
. Because of the position of arsenic in the periodic table, arsenate (AsO}-) is chemically similar to inorganic phosphate and is used by phosphate-requiring enzymes as an alternative substrate. However, organic arsenates are quite unstable and spontaneously hydrolyze. Arsenate is known to inhibit ATP production in glycolysis. Identify the target enzyme, and explain the mechanism of inhibition.
A. Briefly explain the signaling pathway by which the liver coverts the stored carbohydrate to glucose and transports it to blood at low blood glucose level. In your answer, the signal pathway, source of glucose, key enzymes and proteins should be described. B. The diagram shows some of the reactions of respiration. Glucose Triose phosphate Pyruvate Lactate Acetylcoenzyme A (i) In the diagram on the Answer Sheet, draw and label by arrow to show the reaction that (a) requires ATP, and (b) produces CO2. (ii) In what condition and why is pyruvate converted to lactate?
Select all of the following that accurately apply to acyl-CoA synthetase and the transport of acyl-CoA through the carnitine transport system in the liver: 00 ☐☐☐☐ Acyl-CoA is formed when CoA serves as a nucleophile for attack of the fatty acyl-adenylate intermediate Fatty acid carbon skeletons are simultaneously used in the liver for beta oxidation and glucose biosynthesis The carnitine transport system is inhibited in the presence of high amounts of malonyl CoA The carrier protein carnitine replaces CoA in the transport of fatty acyl groups across the inner- mitochondrial membrane and allows acyl-CoA reformation in the matrix Increased need for beta oxidation allows for decreased transport of fatty acids via the carnitine transport system The formation of acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetase involves the use of 2 equivalents of ATP - (1) an ATP used for activation of fatty acyl-adenylate and (2) an equivalent of ATP in the form of pyrophosphate hydrolysis
Calculate the new Km of the above lactase reaction, with inhibitor X. (inhibitor X changes lactase activity to a Vo of 0.10 mM per minute when [S] = 1.0 mM, and a Vo of 0.133333333333 mM per minute when [S] = 2.0 mM) 0.20 mM 0.50 mM 1.0 mM 2.0 mM 5.0 mM
Briefly explain the malate-aspartate shuttle. Distinguish between this shuttle with the glycerol -phosphate shuttle based upon their transport of reducing equivalents and their potential for ATP synthesis.
19) Consider the table of allosteric effectors and their effect on the following metabolic processes. Glycolysis Gluconeogenesis PDH complex Krebs cycle acetyl-CoA Not applicable AMP Not applicable + glucagon Not applicable Not applicable - Each row contains one error. Correct the error in the table below Table 2 Correction (indicate process and effect (+ or -) acetyl-CoA AMP glucagon - Briefly explain the effect of each allosteric effector on the corrected pathway (based on Table 2 above)
Determine if true or false 1. Isopentyl pyrophosphate (activated isoprene) undergoes cyclization during cholesterol biosynthesis 2. Malonyl CoA transacylase catalyzes the committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis. 3. Oxaloacetate carries acetyl CoA to the cytosol which is the site of fatty acid biosynthesis. 4. During fatty acid biosynthesis, propionyl CoA is the donor of the acetyl group. 5. During fatty acid biosynthesis, NADPH is used as the reducing equivalent in the process.
Write balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the catabolism of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate (the preparatory & payoff phase of glycolysis), including the standard free-energy change ΔG for each reaction. Then write the overall or net equation of glycolysis, with the net standard free-energy change when one molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvate.
Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0). II. What is the net ATP yield for the complete oxidation of all the fatty acid residues of the simple TAG? (Note: glycerol backbone is not included)
Case Study: Enzyme Kinetics Data for new statin drug (inhibits HMG CoA reductase): ● ● I Substrate (UM) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.5 3.5 || Rate of reaction (mm/min) 23.5 32.2 36.9 41.8 44 What are the Kms of the uninhibited and inhibited reactions? Rate of reaction in presence of 5.0 nM statin Using the above date, create a double-reciprocal (Lineweaver Burk) plot. What type of inhibition is shown by the new statin? What are the Vmax of the uninhibited and inhibited reactions? 16.67 25.25 30.49 37.04 38.91
A. Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the followingmetabolic pathways.1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA5.Citric acid cycle6. Gluconeogensis pathway (pyruvate to glucose) B. Identify at most 5 organic reactions for each metabolic pathway.

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