| TABLE 13-1 Examples of Drosophila A-P Axis Genes That Contribute to Pattern Formation Gene symbol Role(s) in early development Gene Name Protein function hb-z hunchback-zygotic Transcription factor–zinc-finger protein Gap gene Kr Krüppel Transcription factor–zinc-finger protein Gap gene kni knirps Transcription factor-steroid receptor-type protein Gap gene Pair-rule gene even-skipped fushi tarazu eve Transcription factor–homeodomain protein Transcription factor-homeodomain protein Pair-rule gene Pair-rule gene ftz odd-paired paired ора Transcription factor–zinc-finger protein prd Transcription factor–PHOX protein Pair-rule gene en engrailed Transcription factor–homeodomain protein Segment-polarity gene wg wingless Signaling WG protein Segment-polarity gene Segment-polarity gene Segment-polarity gene hh hedgehog Signaling HH protein ptc patched Transmembrane protein lab labial Transcription factor–homeodomain protein Transcription factor–homeodomain protein Transcription factor–homeodomain protein Transcription factor–homeodomain protein Segment-identity gene Dfd Deformed Segment-identity gene Antp Antennapedia Segment-identity gene Ubx Ultrabithorax Segment-identity gene

| TABLE 13-1 Examples of Drosophila A-P Axis Genes That Contribute to Pattern Formation Gene symbol Role(s) in early development Gene Name Protein function hb-z hunchback-zygotic Transcription factor–zinc-finger protein Gap gene Kr Krüppel Transcription factor–zinc-finger protein Gap gene kni knirps Transcription factor-steroid receptor-type protein Gap gene Pair-rule gene even-skipped fushi tarazu eve Transcription factor–homeodomain protein Transcription factor-homeodomain protein Pair-rule gene Pair-rule gene ftz odd-paired paired ора Transcription factor–zinc-finger protein prd Transcription factor–PHOX protein Pair-rule gene en engrailed Transcription factor–homeodomain protein Segment-polarity gene wg wingless Signaling WG protein Segment-polarity gene Segment-polarity gene Segment-polarity gene hh hedgehog Signaling HH protein ptc patched Transmembrane protein lab labial Transcription factor–homeodomain protein Transcription factor–homeodomain protein Transcription factor–homeodomain protein Transcription factor–homeodomain protein Segment-identity gene Dfd Deformed Segment-identity gene Antp Antennapedia Segment-identity gene Ubx Ultrabithorax Segment-identity gene

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter19: Genomes And Proteomes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16TYK

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“In the early Drosophila embryo, the establishment of different body regionor tissues along, on the one hand, the anteroposterior axis and, on theother, the dorsoventral axis are initiated by clues provided by the egg’smother; however the nature of those signals and the way in which theyoperate is completely different”. Discuss whether this statement is correct.
The Wnt planar polarity signaling pathway nor-mally ensures that each wing cell in Drosophila has a sin-gle hair. Overexpression of the Frizzled gene from a heat-shock promoter (hs-Fz) causes multiple hairs to grow frommany cells (Figure Q15–5A). This phenotype is suppressedif hs-Fz is combined with a heterozygous deletion (DshΔ)of the Dishevelled gene (Figure Q15–5B). Do these resultsallow you to order the action of Frizzled and Dishevelledin the signaling pathway? If so, what is the order? Explainyour reasoning
Polarity of oocyte of DrosophilaWhat are the cells surrounding the oocyte? Are they germ-line or somatic in origin?
You are interested in studying position effect variegation in Drosophila using the chromosome depicted below: Deactivation of the w+ gene gives a white eye phenotype and deactivation of the rst+ gene gives a rough eye phenotype; the normal phenotypes are red and smooth. Because the rst+ and w+ genes have now been placed close to a heterochromatic domain, some sections (or sectors) of the eye display mutant phenotypes due to gene deactivation while others display the normal, wild type phenotype. Which phenotype would you not expect to see rst w Inverted X chromosome white smooth eye sectors white rough eye sectors red smooth eye sectors red rough eye sectors
Describe the expression pattern of the Drosophila geneeve in the early embryo.
Which Position-effect variegation in Drosophila?
Researchers have exploited Minute mutations in orderto study the phenotypes associated with recessive lethal mutations (l−) that decrease the rate of cell divisionand thus make only very tiny homozygous mutant clones that are difficult to analyze. Many differentstrains of Drosophila carry dominant loss-of-functionMinute (M) mutations in a variety of genes encodingribosomal protein subunits. The M genes are haploinsufficient; flies with only one wild-type M+ gene copyhave a slower pace of cell division, and thus prolongeddevelopment and subtle morphological abnormalities.To circumvent the tiny clone problem, researchersgenerate GFP-marked homozygous l−/ l− clones thatare also M+/ M+, in flies that are l−/ l+ and M−/ M+.The loss of the Minute mutation only in cells withinthe clone gives the l−/ l− cells a growth advantageover their neighbors, enabling the mutant clone togrow large enough to study. Diagram chromosomesthat could be used to generate such clones
What is the signaling pathway that mediates the organizing activity of the A/P organizer in the Drosophila wing disc? Describe two experiments that suggest this pathway functions to organize pattern and promote growth along the anterior/posterior axis of wing imaginal discs.
A Drosophila embryo dies during early embryogenesis due to arecessive allele of a maternal effect gene called bicoid. The wildtypeallele is designated bicoid +. What are the genotypes and phenotypesof the embryo’s mother and maternal grandparents?
Recalling the eye pigment pathway in Drosophila, identify the phenotypes of the flies with the following genotypes. (w=white, bw=brown, cn=cinnabar red, st=scarlet red, se=sepia brown)
Which of the following proteins is a combinatorial transcriptional regulator in Drosophila that affects the differentiation of multiple cell types? O the glucocorticoid receptor O MyoD O Ey O Muts O maintenance methyltransferase
You isolate a glp-1 mutation of C. elegans and discoverthat the DNA region encoding the spatial control region(SCR) has been deleted. What will the GLP-1 protein expression pattern be in a four-cell embryo in mutant heterozygotes? In mutant homozygotes?