In 2005, J. Robin Warren and Barry J. Marshall shared theNobel Prize in Medicine for discovering the bacteriumHelicobacter pylori and for establishing experimental proofthat it plays a major role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.The story began when Warren, a pathologist, noticed thatbacilli were associated with the tissues taken from patientssuffering from ulcers. Look up the history of this case and describeWarren’s first hypothesis. What sorts of evidence did ittake to create a credible theory based on it?

In 2005, J. Robin Warren and Barry J. Marshall shared theNobel Prize in Medicine for discovering the bacteriumHelicobacter pylori and for establishing experimental proofthat it plays a major role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.The story began when Warren, a pathologist, noticed thatbacilli were associated with the tissues taken from patientssuffering from ulcers. Look up the history of this case and describeWarren’s first hypothesis. What sorts of evidence did ittake to create a credible theory based on it?

Microbiology for Surgical Technologists (MindTap Course List)

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781111306663

Author:Margaret Rodriguez, Paul Price

Publisher:Margaret Rodriguez, Paul Price

Chapter9: Microbial Disease Transmission

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4UTM

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The general public takes for granted the link between an infectious agent and a given infection Discuss the requirements established by Koch, the nineteenth-century German scientist, before ascertaining, for instance, that Helicobacter pylori bacterium is the cause of the gastric ulcer. Why is it so essential to meet these conditions?
A boy with advanced Duchenne muscular dystrophy developedpulmonary edema (accumulation of fluid in the lungs) and pneumoniacaused by a bacterial infection. His physician diagnosed the conditionin the following way: The pulmonary edema was the result of heartfailure, and the increased fluid in the lungs provided a site wherebacteria could invade and grow. The fact that the boy could notbreathe deeply or cough effectively made the condition worse. Howwould the muscle tissues in a boy with advanced DMD differ from themuscle tissues in a boy with less advanced DMD?
Clostridium difficile infection is the leading causeof hospital-associated gastrointestinal illness. It is typicallytreated with a course of antibiotics, but the infection recursin about 20% of cases. C. difficile infections are difficult toeradicate because the bacteria exist in two forms: a repli-cating, toxin-producing form and a spore form that is resis-tant to antibiotics. Fecal microbiota transplantation—thetransfer of normal gut microbiota from a healthy individ-ual—can resolve >90% of recurrent infections, a much bet-ter cure rate than further antibiotic treatment alone. Whydo you suppose microbiota transplantation is so effective?
Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering the skin's pH- an antimicrobial effect. However, P. acnes is also the leading cause of acne. Explain mechanistically how can a bacterium be normal and beneficial but also be pathogenic?
Based on disease syndromes and characteristics, and also on their effect on certain cell cultures and serological groupings, five virulence groups of Escherichia coli are recognized. Briefly distinguish between these virulence groups. [Base your answer on virulence factors, pattern of bacterial attachment to host cells, effects of attachment to host cells, production of toxins, and invasiveness] What will the appearance of Escherichia coli be on MacConkey Agar red and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, respectively.
About becterial enzymes, it is CORRECT to affirm that: a). Some becterial enzymes can help the microbe fight the immune system, by destroying lgA.b). Coagulases are enzymes that use the host's fibrinogen and form a semi-solid get that isolates amd protects the bacteria.c). Some bacterial enzymes such as hyaluronidase can help the microble move through the host's tissus by destroying the tissue's components.d). Fibrolysin is an enzymes that can help from blood clots.
As an illustration, a patient undergoing a laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) procedure under general anesthesia might be happier not to know the numbers of portals of entry for potential transmission of pathogenic microbes to which she will be subjected. The anesthesia provider would be accessing the patients airway and vascular system by an IV line. Which portals of entry will the surgeon be accessing?
Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering the skin's pH- an antimicrobial effect. However, P. acnes is also the leading cause of acne. Explain mechanistically how can a bacterium be part of the normal microbiome and beneficial but also be pathogenic?
In July 2015, a report was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosawas found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. unit. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. Explain how presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. Would infection from this pathogenic species be considered a primary or opportunistic?
Functionally, normal microbiota is beneficial to it's host organism and on the other hand, it may cause harm, How does this normal microbiota cause harm? Explain briefly but acurately
What are the common pathogens isolated from stool samples? What is the difference between a coliform bacterium and a noncoliform enteric bacterium? What diagnostic test differentiates Proteus and Providencia species from other Enterobacteriaceae? How would you differentiate between serotypes of E. coli? Are the gram-negative enteric bacilli fastidious organisms? Would they survive well outside of the body? If so, what significance would this have in their transmission? Why is serotyping particularly important in Salmonella infections and typhoid fever?
Compare the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the microbiomeof a healthy adult’s intestinal tract to that in a healthy stomach (see Figure 41.18). Suggest a possibleexplanation for why the microbiome composition in the two organs is different even though theintestine and stomach are directly connected.