Explain the difference between basic T cells and B cells as they relate to a vaccine. Additionally, briefly explain the interplay between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system and the inflammatory mediators.

Q: What is Monoclonal Antibody? Write down its productions, applications, and limitations with proper…

A: Monoclonal antibodies are those antibodies that are identical to that of antibody which targets one…

Q: In the event of an inflammation in the body, discuss the vaccine concept after indicating how the…

A: Inflammation It is defined as a biological response of the immune system which is stimulated by…

Q: How can an extracellular bacterium be targeted by a particular T cell response? Describe the…

A: T cells (also called T lymphocytes) are one of the major components of the adaptive immune system.…

Q: Briefly explain about Two types of Immunomodulators(Immunosuppressant and Immunostimulant)

A: Immunomodulators These drugs redesign the immune system and are used in immune therapy. The common…

Q: All of the following are functions of antibodies except a. neutralization of pathogen. b.…

A: The antibody has a Y-shaped structure. It is a product of the immune system which detects the…

Q: Define the term immunological surveillance, and identify the cells involved in this function.

A: Immunological surveillance is the monitoring process of immune system that detects and also destroys…

Q: Define these words?The following words should be used in the descriptive text; phagocytosis, pattern…

A: Primary immune deficiencies and secondary immune deficiencies are the two types of immunological…

Q: will involve the secretion of which will induce intracellular microbial The activation of killing a.…

A: Cytotoxic T-cells,INF-gamma  Hence option (d) is correct . EXPLAINATION:- cytotoxic T cells kill…

Q: Describe the requirements for activation of helper T cells by macrophages. Explain how helper T…

A: T cells or T lymphocytes play a significant role in cell-mediated adaptive immunity. The cytotoxic T…

Q: Mention the site in the body where the B-cells and T-cells are formed. Give one difference between…

A: Introduction: The immune system is involved in protecting the human body from any invading pathogen.…

Q: Compare and contrast live attenuated vaccines, inactivatedvaccines, and toxoids. Which of these has…

A: Vaccines are biological preparation that activate the acquired immunity against a particular…

Q: Compare and contrast the mechanisms of antigen challenge and the clonal selection processes of B and…

A: Immunity refers to the body's ability to guard against pathogenic microorganisms. It comprises a…

Q: Describe the difference between (A) ‘naked antibodies’ and (B) conjugated antibodies in the context…

A: Cancer is a condition in which the cells undergo infinite multiplication and differentiation causing…

Q: Match the terms with their definitions below. natural killer cell            antibody…

A: Hello you have asked multiple subpart questions. We will be able to answer only first three for rest…

Q: Discuss in detail the role of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1; compare and contrast the two pathways in…

A: CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways are involved in cell-mediated immunity. The immune system protects the body…

Q: Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator ofimmune defenses in action. Explain.

A: Pus is thick, opaque, yellowish protein-rich fluid that is filled with dead cells and white blood…

Q: Briefly explain the immunological responses to bacterial superantigens and explain how they differ…

A: By the Bartleby guidelines, only one question can be answered at at time. The first question has…

Q: Explain why the B cells response is described as “humoral”, but the T cell’s response is described…

A: Both B cells and T cells are lymphocytes that are gotten from explicit sorts of foundational…

Q: When discussing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), How can the presence of antibodies cause such…

A: Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder. In this disorder, the body cannot recognize…

Q: Compare and contrast the immunologic reactions involved in types I through IV hypersensitivities.

A: Ans: Hypersensitivities: It is the undesirable response or reactions elicited by the normal immune…

Q: Which ONE of the following flow cytometry results is most likely in a patient with chronic…

A: B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) develops from a type of white blood cell called B cells.…

Q: Explain why people with B cell deficiency can benefit from artificial passive immunotherapy,  and…

A: Active immunity results when an individual's immune framework attempts to deliver antibodies and…

Q: What are antigens and antibodies? Explain how antibodies are produced. Note: Limit is 3-5 sentences…

A: Immunology is a branch of science which deals with the study of antigen and antibody or immune…

Q: Describe a mechanism by which an antigen can enter the lymph node and make contact with the B-cell…

A: The response of B-cell includes two events that take place in different regions and at different…

Q: What is the role of complement proteins and anti-microbial substances in the line of defense?…

A: Multicellular organisms' ability to fight dangerous germs is referred to as immunity. Both specific…

Q: lin antibodi

A: Anti-immunoglobulin antibodies or IgG antibodies are the antibodies responsible for producing…

Q: Please choose aspects of the innate immune system. Inflamation Skin Barrier Leukocytes Antibodies

A: Innate immunity refers to nonspecific defense mechanisms which starts functioning immediately or…

Q: Explain the process of B cell clonal selection (remember to mention the cells originated in this…

A: Immune cells are the defense cells that protect the body from infective agents. The cells of the…

Q: Define the different types of graft rejection.

A: Introduction  The immune system of a transplant recipient fights the transplanted organ or tissue…

Q: During resistance exercise, three factors support muscle hypertrophy they include the following with…

A: Resistance exercises involve training to improve muscle strength by making muscles work against an…

Q: Explain why people with B-cell deficiencies can benefit from artificial passive…

A: B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They…

Q: Why monoclonal antibodies method is better than Polyclonal Antibodies method in detecting specific…

A: Y-shaped immunoglobulins are called antibodies which are produced by B cells. When a foreign antigen…

Q: Describe the reasons of extensive usage of corticosteroids in the treatment of autoimmune diseases…

A: Corticosteroids are the anti inflammatory drugs which lowers the inflammation in the body.…

Q: Discuss three mechanism by which antibody mediate the destruction of pathogen.

A: Antibody An antibody(Ab) is a large protein molecules. The structure of antibody molecule is Y…

Q: Define the following terms:a. T cellsb. B cellsc. cellular immunityd. humoral immunitye.…

A: Step 1 Hello. Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If…

Q: Describe the characteristics of subsets of T-cell types in the classic T-cell response.

A: Introduction  Our immune system plays key role in defence against harmful foreign particles be it…

Q: plain the term immunoglobulin (IG)

A: Edelman is one who has discovered whereas the immune serum globulin was treated with…

Q: Why does antibody titer rise after infection? Is ahigh antibody titer indicative of an ongoing…

A: Antibody titer basically refers to the amount of antibody produced by the organisms. This value is…

Q: How do activated B cells fight a current infection?

A: Cell mediated immunity: this type of immune response involves activation of helper and cytotoxic T…

Q: Explain why the secondary immune response (months, years, or decades after the first exposure to a…

A: Immunity is a phenomenon build up inside the body of an organism in order to cope up with foreign…

Q: Discuss three differences between antigen and antibodies

A: Human have a special mechanism that identifies the non self particles and fight against it and…

Q: Vaccines are used to train our adaptive immune system. With live-attenuated vaccines, a weakened…

A: Live attenuated vaccines use a weakened form of pathogen that has the ability to generate an immune…

Q: Please select the characteristics or components of Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions Complement is…

A: Hypersensitivity reactions are the immune response that is inappropriate or exaggerated against an…

Q: Why monoclonal antibodies method is better than polyclonal antibodies method in detecting specific…

A: Answer: Introduction: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are formed by presenting an antigen to a mouse…

Q: Discuss the difference between the primary response and the secondary response to antigen exposure.

A: The immune system's ability to recognise and respond to previously encountered antigens is referred…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.