EXERCISE 443.1 (Delayed modified grim trigger strategies)) Choose a positive in- teger k and consider the strategy that chooses D in the first k periods of the game, regardless of the history, and then follows the modified grim trigger strategy, start- ing in state C. Find the range of values for the discount factor for which the strategy pair in which each player uses this strategy is a subgame perfect equilibrium.
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- Exercise 6.8. Consider the following extensive-form game with cardinal payoffs: 1 R O player pay 000 2 1 M 3 b 010 O player 3's payoff 1 2 221 2 000 0 0 (a) Find all the pure-strategy Nash equilibria. Which ones are also subgame perfect? (b) [This is a more challenging question] Prove that there is no mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium where Player 1 plays Mwith probability strictly between 0 and 1.Exercise 6.1Suppose that two airlines decide to collude. Analyse the game between these two companies. Suppose that each of them can charge for tickets a high price or a low price. If one of them charges 100 euros, it gets few profits if the other also charges 100 euros and high profits if the other charges 200 euros. On the other hand, if the company charges 200 euros, it obtains very little profit if the other charges 100 euros and an average profit if the other also charges 200 euros. a) Represent the matrix of results of this game. b) What is the Nash equilibrium in this game? Explain your answer. c) Is there an outcome that would be better than the Nash equilibrium for the two airlines? How could it be achieved? Who would lose out if it were reached?The ultimatum game is a game in economic experiments. The first player (the proposer) receives a sum of money and proposes a fair proposal (F - 5;5) or unfair proposal (U - 8;2). The second player (the responder) chooses to either accept (A) or reject (R) this proposal. If the second player accepts, the money is split according to the proposal. If the second player rejects, neither player receives any money. 1 A 5:5 2 F R 0:0 U A 8:2 2 1. Find the subgame perfect Nash Equilibrium using backward induction. R 0;0
- し(5,3) b I(2,2) も(0,0) (4,12) a (12.4) (0,0) i). List all subgame pertect Nash equilibria and name one Nash eqvilibrivm that is not subgame pertect i). How many strategies does playot and player 2 have?Suppose there are two players playing a game with east or west and south and nerth ways. Find the expected Nash equilibrium by using the concept of probabilities. Player X Left[L) Right|R) Player Y Up(U) (5,6) (0,8) (4,6) Down[D) (0,9)Consider the following extensive form game between player 1 and player 2. T B (2, 2) L R R (3, 1) (0, 0) (5, 0) (0, 1) (a). Find the normal form representation of this game. (show the bimatrix) (b). Find all pure strategy NE. (c). Which of these equilibria are subgame perfect?
- Player 1 Cooperate (C) Defect (D) If the game has a dominant strategy, what is it? There is none. If the game has a Nash equilibrium in pure strategies, what is it? There is none. Cooperate (C) 3,3 8,0 Cooperate (C) is a dominant strategy for both players. Defect (D) is a dominant strategy for both players. Cooperate (C) is a dominant strategy for 1, and Defect (D) is a dominant strategy for 2. C, C is the only Nash equilibrium. D, D is the only Nash equilibrium. C, C and D, D are both Nash equilibria. Player 2 Defect (D) 0,8 1,1please solve it in 30 minute please Consider an infinitely repeated game where the stage game is the game of chicken: Swerve Straight Swerve 0,0 -1,1 Straight 1, –1 -10, -10 Assume that the discount factor is very close to one. For concreteness, you can assume that d = 0.99. (a) Is there an SPE in which player l's payoff is 1/(1 – 6)? Explain. (b) Is there an SPE in which each player gets a payoff of 0? Explain. (c) Is there an SPE in which player l's payoff is -2/(1 – 8)? Explain.Player 1 Cooperate (C) Defect (D) Cooperate (C) 3,3 8,0 Player 2 Defect (D) 0,8 1,1 In general, a combination of strategies is a Nash equilibrium if ... Every player is choosing a best response against the other players' strategies. Every player has a positive payoff. The players maximize the sum of their payoffs. The players choose identical strategies. If the game is repeated, which cooperative actions could benefit both players? O Both players choose C. Player 1 chooses C, Player 2 chooses D. O Player 1 chooses D, Player 2 chooses C. Both players choose D.
- You like your job, but your boss gives lousy bonuses. You were recently offered a new job with better rewards and your friend wants to know if you intend to take it. You say, "It depends on whether the bonus this year is generous, Let's wait and see. We'll find out next week" The likely outcome of this game is your boss gives you a ousy :bonus and you ept the new job. If you want to stay at your current job and be better rewarded, you could improve your strategy if you: demand an increase in your bonus by a certain amount, but does not tel your boss about the job offer. adopt a dominant strategy to accept the other position and make this known to your boss. O tell the boss about the job offer you are prepared to take if your bonus structure does not increase by a certain amount. Cadopt a dominant strategy to stay at your current position and make this known to your boss.A cool kid is willing to rename himself for a profit. He decides to auctionoff the naming right. Two bidders show interest. Their valuations for thenaming right are independently and uniformly distributed over [0,100].There are several possible ideas to design the auction.(a) The auction runs as follows. Both bidders are invited to the sameroom; an auctioneer will start the auction with an initial price 0, and increase it by $1 every minute. The bidders are not allowed to say anything during the process, but they can walk out of the room at any moment. If one bidder walks out of the room when the price increases to p (the bidder does not need to pay), the remaining bidder will be awarded the naming right for a price of p. If both walk out when the price reaches p, the naming right is not assigned and the two bidders do not need to pay. What should the bidders do? Explain your answer. (b) Both bidders are invited to submit their bids covertly (bids are non-negative real…see image Use the following setting for questions 1-3. Consider the following static game: C R L 3,1 0,0 5,0 T M 2,1 1,2 3,1 B 1.2 0,1 4,4 Suppose this game is played for two periods. At the beginning of period 2, the players can observe the outcome from period 1. There is no discounting. 1. First, assume only pure-strategy SPNE such that either player's second period strategy DOES NOT depend on the first period outcome. How many such SPNE are in this game? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) none 2. Consider only SPNE from the previous question. What is the maximum sum of the players' payoffs that can be achieved in the first period? (a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) 8 3. Now consider all possible pure-strategy SPNE such that (B,R) is played in the first period. What must be the equilibrium outcome in the second period of such SPNE? (a) (T,L) (b) (M,C) (c) (B,R) (d) (T,R) (e) There are no such SPNE