Consider an infinitely repeated game where the stage game is the game of chicken: Swerve Straight Swerve 0,0 -1,1 Straight 1, -1 -10, -10 Assume that the discount factor is very close to one. For concreteness, you can assume that d = 0.99.
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- Exercise 6.8. Consider the following extensive-form game with cardinal payoffs: 1 R O player pay 000 2 1 M 3 b 010 O player 3's payoff 1 2 221 2 000 0 0 (a) Find all the pure-strategy Nash equilibria. Which ones are also subgame perfect? (b) [This is a more challenging question] Prove that there is no mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium where Player 1 plays Mwith probability strictly between 0 and 1.a W 3,5 3,4 8,4 0,0 3,3 8,9 y 0,1 5,9 9,8 Describe a strategy for player 1 that dominates x. O (1/3.0. 2/3) 1.0,0) O01.1) toA game is played as follows: First Player 1 decides (Y or N) whether or not to play.If she chooses N, the game ends. If she chooses Y, then Player 2 decides (Y or N) whetheror not to play. If he chooses N the game ends. If he chooses Y, then they go ahead and playanother game with the payoffs shown below. A player who opts out by choosing N gets 2 andthe other player gets 0. Draw the tree of this game and then find the two subgame-perfect Nashequilibria.
- 3. Find the saddle point, if it exists, for the following game. (b) Solve the following game by using the principle of dominance and find the probabilities of strategies for each player and the value of the game. Player B Player A II III IV V 3 4 4 II 2 4 III 4 4 IV 4 4 20 2420 87602. Consider the following Bayesian game with two players. Both players move simultaneously and player 1 can choose either H or L, while player 2's options are G, M, and D. With probability 1/2 the payoffs are given by "Game 1" : GMD H 1,2 1,0 1,3 L 2,4 0,0 0,5 and with probability 1/2 the payoffs are according to "Game 2" : G |M|D H 1,2 1,3 1,0 L 2,4 0,5 0,0 (a) Find the Nash Equilibria when neither player knows which game is actually played. (b) Assume now that player 2 knows which one among the two games is actually being played. Check that the game has a unique Bayesian Nash Equilibrium.Find all NE of the stage game.(b) Consider a two-period game without discounting in which the stage game is played ineach period. Find all pure strategy SPNE.(c) What’s the min-max payoff of each player?(c1) Consider pure strategies only.(c2) Consider all strategies, including the mixed ones.(d) Now suppose the stage game is repeated infinitely many times. Use the Fudenberg-Maskin Folk theorem to find all possible values of payoff that can be supported as aSPNE.
- 7. N [0.75] B A [0.25] 1 E F 6 2 J K J K 12 3 9. 6 6. 1 In equilibrium, what is the probability that player 1 will use the pure strategy E in this game?Consider the following payoff matrix. L C R U 6, 3 3, 4 7, 2 1 D 3, 4 | 6, 2 8, 1 What is the probability that Player 1 plays U at the Nash equilibrium of this game? (a) 2/3 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/3 (d) 1/4 (e) None of the above optionsConsider the following game. Player S DE F A 10, 10 8, 7 8, 8 Player R B 8,7 9, 8 9, 12 C 9,8 7, 10 12, 7 Find the best response of step-2 Player S assuming that step-0 players (either Ror S) choose the strategy at random with equal probability. Select one: O a. F O b. E O c. B O d. A O e. C O f. D
- . If you examine the decision tree in Figure 9.12 (orany other decision trees from PrecisionTree), you willsee two numbers (in blue font) to the right of each endnode. The bottom number is the combined monetaryvalue from following the corresponding path throughthe tree. The top number is the probability that thispath will be followed, given that the best strategy isused. With this in mind, explain (1) how the positiveprobabilities following the end nodes are calculated,(2) why some of the probabilities following the endnodes are 0, and (3) why the sum of the probabilitiesfollowing the end nodes is necessarily 1.(a) Stan and Ollie are two students who share a flat. Both of them prefer to live in a clean flat. However, neither is too fond of housecleaning. Each of them receives a payoff of 12 if they both clean the flat. If neither person cleans the flat, they receive a payoff of 6 each. If one person cleans the flat but the other person does not, then the payoff for the person who does the cleaning is 5 and the payoff for the person who doesn't do any cleaning is 15. (i) Write down the payoff matrix of this game. Derive the dominant strategy equilibrium. Is this also a Nash equilibrium? (ii) Expiain your reasoning. Consider a game with N players. Each player chooses Black or White. If a player (b) chooses Black, she gets 100 if everyone else also chooses Black, and she gets 0 if any of the other players does not choose Black. If a player chooses White, she always gets 50. Show that everyone choosing Black and everyone choosing White are both Nash equilibria of this game.0 E F 3 2 FIGURE 2 23 D G 2 H 0 1 (2) Two friends, Albert (A) and Berta (B), have to decide on going to one of three bars, Xenia's (X), Yara's (Y), or Zana's (Z). They decide to select a bar by alternatively vetoing bars until one remains. First Albert vetoes a bar. If at least two bars remain, then Berta vetoes another bar. That process continues until a single bar remains unvetoed. Suppose Albert prefers Xenia's to Yara's to Zana's and Berta prefers Zana's to Yara's to Xenia's. Assume that, for each of the two, going to their most preferred bar gives a utility of 2, going to their next preferred bar gives a utility of 1, and going to their least preferred bar gives a utility of 0. Model this as an extensive form game and find its Nash equilibria. Which of the Nash equilibria are subgame perfect?