Estimate the energy in ev of a K shell electron in magnesium (Z = 12). |-1958.4 Your response differs from the correct answer by more than 10%. Double check your calculations. ev Additional Materials
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- 5. (a) Use the hydrogen-like model z2 (in eV) En --13.6 to calculate the total energy of the three electrons of lithium (Li), which has the electron configuration: 1s? 2s'. The three ionization energies for Li(g) are: IE, = 5.392 ev; IE2 = 75.64 eV; IE = 122.5 ev. With the help of Koopman's theorem, what is the total energy of ropulsion between lithium's three electrons (in kJ mol')?Q2: a- Explain how such a model uses potentials such as a square well and a harmonic oscillator to try and predict the magic numbers. b- Describe what causes the existence of "magic numbers" for protons and neutrons in nuclei. Why are nuclei which have these magie numbers more stable than other nuclei? Draw any analogies with the energy levels of atomic electrons. c- Discuss briefly the failures of the shell model. of4. The n-electron system in benzene may be approximated as a particle-on-a-ring with a radius of r, which is also the length of the C-C bonds in the ring. This bond length is approximately 1.39 Å. The energy levels for the p-o-a-r are given by: n'h E, = where n = 0, ±1, ±2, ±3, .. 2m r The six t-electrons in benzene fill the (singly degenerate) n30 level, and the (doubly degenerate) n=±1 level. The first excited state, then corresponds to exciting an electron from n=1 to n=2. a) Using the given bond length, calculate the energy change for the benzene molecule as an electron is excited from n=1 to n=2. b) Calculate the wavelength of light that benzene would need to absorb to undergo that energy change. Compare that with the experimental value of 268 nm. c) In what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is this wavelength? d) Using the experimental wavelength from part b above, calculate the effective bond length in benzene. e) Is the particle-on-a-ring approximation valid? Give a…
- For each of the statements below, indicate whether it is true or false and explain your reasoning. (1 sentence ) 1/ It takes more energy to ionize an electron from the 2s orbital than an electron from the 2p orbital in the Li2+ ion. 2/ The electron affinity of the Ne atom is larger than the electron affinity of the F atom. 3/ K* has a larger radius than Ar. 4/ For a diatomic molecule, in which the internuclear axis is the z-axis, the 3dz? orbital cannot mix with the 2px orbital. 5/ The internuclear distance of O2 increases as it takes an additional electron to become O2".Use Coulomb's law to calculate the energy of a magnesium ion and an oxide ion at their equilibrium ion-pair separation distance. Ion Zn²+ Cu²+ Mg2+ Cd²+ 0²- $²- Radius (pm) 74 77 72 95 140 184 Ecoulomb || 425.13 Incorrect aJ4. The n-electron system in benzene may be approximated as a particle-on-a-ring with a radius of r, which is also the length of the C-C bonds in the ring. This bond length is approximately 1.39 A. The energy levels for the p-o-a-r are given by: n'h E, ,where n = 0, t1, ±2, 13, . 2m,r? The six r-electrons in benzene fill the (singly degenerate) n 0 level, and the (doubly degenerate) n=t1 level. The first excited state, then corresponds to exciting an electron from n=1 to n=2. a) Using the given bond length, calculate the energy change for the benzene molecule as an electron is excited from n=1 to n=2. b) Calculate the wavelength of light that benzene would need to absorb to undergo that energy change. Compare that with the experimental value of 268 nm. c) In what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is this wavelength? d) Using the experimental wavelength from part b above, calculate the effective bond length in benzene. e) Is the particle-on-a-ring approximation valid? Give a…
- 12 J (er? nu? nu? ng2 ng (2p)] configuration is for 02 A O +o, 2 co3. Sketch xy-plane cross-section diagrams for the orbitals listed below. Indicate nodal planes and spheres by dashed lines, and regions of high electron probability by shading. Show the x and y axes. Indicate the positive and the negative parts of the wave function with plus and minus signs. (a) 4px; (b) 3s; (c) 4dxy; (d) 3d,2-2; and (e) 4s.3. (a) Sketch the s orbital and the 3 types of p orbitals. (b) Which of the quantum numbers govern,i. the shape of an orbital?il. the energy of an orbital?ili. the spin properties of the electron?iv. the spatial orientation of the orbital? (c) Write the electron configuration for the following elements in the ground state.i. P and p3-(atomic number =15).il. Ca and Caz+ (atomic number =20).(d) If n= 3, find thei. angular Momentum Quantum Number, /il. subshell designation.ili. magnetic Quantum number, m,iv. number of orbitals in subshells.
- 09:17 73.0 :46.ull (87 KB/S The principle quantum number, n, represents the: 1 point spin value energy level suborbital value O magnetic value The proper pair of the azimuthal quantum no. with the orbital shape. 1 point 0; f 1; s 3;B р 2; d How many electrons total are found in the f orbital? 1 point 2 10 6. O 14 Which of the following is NOT possible pair of quantum numbers? 1 point 2p 4p 2d O 4f Why is the 3rd energy able to fit more electrons? 1 point Because the third energy level has 7 s orbitals Because the p-block that looks like it is part of the 3rd energy level is actually part of the 2nd energy level Because the d-block that looks like it is part of the 4th energy level is actually part of the 3rd energy level Because 3 is a sacred number, just look at it!Evaluate the energy for two MO's generated by combining an H 1s atomic orbital with a F 2p atomic orbital. Use the equation: 1 2–252[H, 1 [H+H»- 2SH2]± 2-2s? + 4H, + H, -4SH„H„ -2H(H, +2SH, – 28²H,)| Carry out the calculation for S = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.6 to mimic the effect of decreasing the atomic separation in the molecule. Use the parameters: H,,= -13.6 ev, H22 = -18.6 eV, and H,2 = -1.75S H11H22 .A gold nucleus is located at the origin of coordinates, andan electron is brought to a position 2 Å from the origin inthe 1y direction.(a) Calculate the force on the gold nucleus exerted by theelectron giving its components Fx and Fy.(b) Calculate the potential energy of the gold nucleus andthe electron.