Describe how transcription in prokaryotic cells can be altered by external stimulation such as excess lactose in the environment.

Q: What are the three basic stages of transcription? Describe what happens at each stage.

A: Transcription is process of copying genetic information from one strand of DNA into RNA. It occurs…

Q: If RNA is a product of transcription how is the information coded at this step?

A: According to the question, if RNA is a product of transcription then we have to describe how the…

Q: Compare the structures and functions of transcriptionalactivators and repressors.

A: The transcription factors are the molecules or the chemical agents, which can bind to the promoter…

Q: Explain the process of pre-mRNA splicing in nuclear genes.

A: Pre-messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) splicing is essential process for the gene expression in…

Q: Explain three types of post-transcriptional modifications to RNA.

A: Post-transcriptional alteration or co-transcriptional adjustment is a bunch of organic cycles normal…

Q: Explain the fundamental differences between negative control and positive control of transcription…

A: In prokaryotes transcription process is defined the piece or portion of bacterium DNA which is…

Q: Discuss how the expression of a protein can be regulated post transcription in eukaryotic cells…

A: The eukaryotic cell after transcription called the primary transcript is not considered as messenger…

Q: Name one cis-acting transctiption regulator and one trans-acting transcription regulator and…

A: cis-regulatory elements are present on the same molecule of DNA as the gene they regulate whereas…

Q: List five events other than transcription initiation thatcan affect the type or amount of active…

A: A eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and cytoplasm which are enclosed by…

Q: Explain the termination of prokaryotic transcription.

A: The flow of genetic information in a biological system is explained by central dogma and it involves…

Q: Describe three ways that the function of a regulatory transcription factor can be modulated.

A: Gene is a functional unit of heredity. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in genome that codes for…

Q: Describe how prokaryotic gene expression occurs at the transcriptional level

A: Biology is the scientific approach to study life. All the living forms share certain key features…

Q: Explain the process of splicing,capping and tailing which occur during transcription ineukaryotes?

A: Transcription is a process by which m-RNA is formed from DNA sequence. The process of transcription…

Q: Explain Molecular Mechanisms of Transcription Repression and Activation.

A: MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF TRANSCRIPTION : during transcription , a DNA molecule is copied into RNA…

Q: Why transcription initiation requires the assembly of transcription regulatory proteins on DNA sites…

A: Transcription is the process by which an RNA is made from a segment of DNA. Transcription starts at…

Q: Describe the structural features of transcription activator and repressor proteins.

A: The process of transcription is considered a crucial process for the formation of proteins in a…

Q: In your own words, describe the difference between rhodependent and rho-independent termination of…

A: Introduction Transcription is the process by which any active gene is transcribed into mRNA by the…

Q: Explain the binding of transcription regulatory proteins to DNA ?

A: Transcriprion regulation is accompanied by gene regulatory proteins which bind with regulatory…

Q: Indicate how eukaryotic transcription and translation differ from these processes in bacteria.

A: Introduction  Central Dogma: it is the key mechanism by which DNA can be transcribed into mRNA by…

Q: Let’s suppose a mutation in the glucocorticoid receptor does not prevent the binding of the…

A: Glucocorticoid receptors, which are present in the cytosol, are associated with a heat shock protein…

Q: Why is it important for a transcription factor/activator to have a high affinity for a specific DNA…

A: Transcription is a metabolic process in which DNA sequence of the gene is copied into an RNA…

Q: Explain how transcription is initiated in eukaryotic cells.

A: Eukaryotes are those organisms whose cells have a nucleus that is enclosed within a nuclear…

Q: in a eukaryote cell, what do we call the DNA sequence that the specific transcription factor binds…

A: The transcription is the process by which RNA is produced from the DNA template. In case of…

Q: Explain the two major ways in which transcription is repressed in eukaryotes

A: Transcriptional repressors are actually proteins that bind to specific sites on DNA. Their binding…

Q: Describe the procedures involving the initiation of transcription in bacteria cells

A: Bacterial transcription is the process of using the enzyme RNA polymerase to copy a section of…

Q: Explain how a regulatory transcription factor exerts its effects via TFIID or mediator.

A: Transcription is a process in which the nucleotide sequences of a gene are transcribed into the mRNA…

Q: A high rate of transcription initiation in prokaryotes may be caused by

A: Genes which are present in the nucleus, transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell and the mRNA…

Q: Give two reasons why both the strands of DNA are not copied during transcription.

A: Gene expression is a process by which the genes are turned on to form RNA and proteins.…

Q: Outline the three stages of transcription.

A: The flow of genetic information normally occurs through three general transfer processes, i.e.…

Q: Explain why histone eviction is needed for the elongation phase of transcription.

A: Introduction: Transcription is a process in which DNA codes are transcribed into RNA codes. In…

Q: TRUE OR FALSE Errors in transcription can lead to silent mutations encoding the same amino acid or…

A: Silent mutations are the type of mutations in which base substitution has no effect in…

Q: What is "wobble" controlled during transcription in a prokaryotic cell? Explain briefly.

A: Wobble hypothesis:  Only the first two bases of the codon have a precise pairing with the bases of…

Q: What is a positive effect of proteasome proteins being associated with transcription?

A: The primary function of the proteasome is to degrade proteins but it may serve some more functions…

Q: Explain the different ways in which eukaryotic transcription elongation is controlled.

A: Transcription is the process, which results in the synthesis of mRNA.

Q: Compare the roles of general transcription factors and transcriptional activator proteins.

A: Transcription is the process of translating info from one stranded DNA molecule to a new molecule of…

Q: Predict the effects of deleting the following regions of DNA: (a) The gene encoding lac repressor…

A: DNA : It is the chemical name for the molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living…

Q: How does regulation of transcription in eukaryotes differ from regulation of transcription in…

A: Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms lacking a cell nucleus. Therefore, their DNA…

Q: Explain why it is advantageous for transcriptionalregulatory proteins to be multimeric and for…

A: Transcription can be regulated by the transcription factors that bind to the DNA (deoxyribonucleic…

Q: Explain post transcriptional processing in eukaryotes

A: Transcription is the process of producing pre mRNA from the template strand of DNA. The RNA…

Q: Briefly explain how transcriptional activator and repressor proteins affect the level of…

A: Transcription is the first step in central dogma of protein synthesis. It involves formation of…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.