Consider this figure, which shows oxygen binding to hemoglobin under various conditions 1.0 Y A 0.5 pO2 a) If B is normal hemoglobin what could lead to curve hemoglobin A. b) If B is normal hemoglobin what could lead to curve hemoglobin C. c) Which curve shows the hemoglobin with the highest 02 affinity? (Saturation)
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
Hemoglobin is the heme-containing molecule present in the red blood cell of humans. It has a central iron atom surrounded by four heme groups having two alpha and two beta subunits that have the ability to bind four oxygen atoms. Once, the first atom of oxygen binds to heme the rest of the oxygen atom binding becomes easier. The graphical representation is known as oxygen dissociation curve gives a sigmoidal-shaped graph.
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