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- Figure 5 shows oxyhemoglobin dissociatlon curves at pH 7.2 and pH 7.4. Which of the following is true at PO2 less than 40 mm Hg? 27. % saturation af haemogiobin 100 pH 7.4 80 60 pH 7.2 40 + 20 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Po; (mm Hg) Figure 5 A. Hemoglobin retains less O2 at pH 7.4 compared to pH 7.2. B. Hemoglobin retains less O2 at pH 7.2 compared to pH 7.4. C. The release of O2 from hemoglobin is not influenced by the production of CO2. D. At pH 7.2 where CO2 production is less than pH 7.4, hemoglobin releases less O2.In a woman with body mass 70 kg blood quantity is 4.9 liters; hematocrit is 32%, the quantity of erythrocytes is 3.0*10^12/l, hemoglobin is 105 g/l color parameter is 1.0, the minimum osmotic resistance of erythrocytes is 0.38%NaCl; the maximum osmotic resistance of erythrocytes is 0.34%NaCl Such blood analises testifies first of all about: A. the water excess in the organism B. the lack of water in the organism C. osmotic hemolysis of erythrocytes D. chemical hemolysis of erythrocytes E. the lack of iron in blood plasmaSelect the hemoglobin variant(s) that are described by each statement. (a) The variant least likely to cause pathological symptoms. (b) The variant(s) likely to show pl values different from that of HbA on an isoelectric focusing gel. (c) The variant most likely to show a decrease in BPG binding and an increase in the overall affinity of the hemoglobin for oxygen. Answer Bank Hb Milwaukee Hb Cowtown Hb Memphis Hb Philly Hb Providence Hb Bibba HbS
- Changes in Blood Hematocrit After 2 Month Acclimatization to High Altitude % 100 90 80 70 60 50 Low altitude 40 30 High altitude 20 10 Hematocrit Changes in Blood Hemoglobin After 2 Month Acclimatization to High Altitude g/100 ml 20 16 12 8 Low altitude High altitude 4 Hb 1. What are the average hematocrit values (%) at low altitude and then after the subject trained at high altitude for 2 months? 2. Did average hematocrit increase, decrease, or not change after training at high altitude for 2 months? 3. What are the average hemoglobin values (g/100 ml) at low altitude and then after the subject trained at high altitude for 2 months?Red Cell Index Iron Deficiency Anemia (microcytic hypochromic) Macrocytic Anemia (normochromic) Anemia of Chronic Disease (normocytic normochromic) MCV Low High Normal MCHC Low Normal Normal MCH Low High Normal Compare the hematocrits, haemoglobin contents, red blood cell counts, MCV, MCHC and MCH of sample X and Y with standard values. Give comments on the two samples base on the red cell indices (Which subject may be more suspected to suffer from anemia?) Normal Range of MCV: 80-98 femtoliters, fL Normal range of MCHC: 320-360 g/L Normal range of MCH: 27-32 picograms, pg Samples X Y MCV (femtoliters, fl) = 84.73 fL = 69.53 fL MCHC (g/L) = 258.87 g/L =370.52 g/L MCH (pictograms, pg) = 21.93 pg = 25.76 pgTable 4: Presence or Absence of Agglutination Mother 1 Father 1 Child 1 Mother 2 Father 2 Child 2 Mother 3 Father 3 Child 3 Anti-A Sera Agglut No Agglut No No No Agglut No Agglut Anti-B Sera Agglut No No No Agglut Agglut No No No Anti-Rh Sera No Agglut Agglut Agglut No Agglut No No No Blood Type AB- O+ A+ 0+ B- B+ A- O- A-
- A 60-year-old man with a long history of cigarette smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is hospitalized with increasing shortness of breath, increasing sputum production, and low-grade fever over a three-day period. His blood pressure is 100/80 mmHg, pulse is 110 per minute, respiratory rate is 28 per minute, temperature is 38.2°C. The following arterial blood gases were obtained on room air: CaO2 max = 20 ml/dL, CaO2 = 15 ml/dL, PaO2 = 50 mmHg, C(ax) O2 = 4 ml/dL. 1. What is the most appropriate type of hypoxia for this patient? 2. What are the common causes of this type hypoxia? 3. What are the characteristic alterations of blood O2 in this type hypoxia? 4. What is the colour of skin and mucous membranes in this type hypoxia, and explain the mechanism?For questions 1 through 9, the following units apply: Hemoglobin: g/L, Hematocrit: L/L and RBC: x 1012 C cells/L. Calculate the MCV given the following information: = 0.21, RBC count = 3.2 2. Hct.= 0.45, RBC count = 4.5 3. Hct. = 0.33, RBC count = 2.7 1. Hct. Calculate the MCH given the following information: 4. Hgb. 100, RBC count = 3.0 5. Hgb. 180, RBC count = 3.7 6. Hgb. = 140, RBC count 3.3 Calculate the MCHC given the following information: 7. Hgb. = 160, Hct. = 0.36 8. Hgb. = 50, Hct. = 0.15 9. Hgb. = 150, Hct. = 0.45Hemoglobin poz in lungs tissues (4,500 m) po2 in lungs (sea level) po2 in 8. Lack of 2,3-BPG can be deadly. 1.0 BPG = 0 mM 38% A) What is 2,3-BPG? How is it produced and why does hemoglobin need 2,3- 30% ВPG? 37%- Y 0.5 B) Under what physiological conditions are blood levels of 2,3-BPG elevated? C) How does an increased level of 2,3-BPG help our bodies compensate through crises of a low availability of external oxygen? Highlight the action of 2,3-BPG on hemoglobin in your answer. BPG - 5 mM at sea level BPG 8 mM at high altitudes (4,500 m) 4 8 12 16 pO2 (kPa) Figure 5-17 Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Seventh Edition O 2017 W. H. Freeman and Company
- Calculate the hematocrit of a female patient using the following information:The height of the whole body is 80mm, and the height of the RBC's is 28mm. How is her hematocrit value as compared to the hematocrit normal value of adult femal?Which of the following are true of normal adult hemoglobin? Choice 1 of 4:can bind four Fe2+ ions Choice 2 of 4:can covalently bind four O2 molecules Choice 3 of 4:can adopt 2 different conformations, with different orientations of αβ dimers Choice 4 of 4:can bind four BPG molecules to stabilize the T stateList the abbreviations and normal ranges of the following hemodynamic values directly measured by means of the pulmonary artery catheter: central venous pressure, right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac output.
