Consider the market for lumber, which we assume here to be perfectly competitive. 4a) Suppose that for each unit of lumber produced, the firms also generate $10 of damage to the environment. Draw the social marginal cost curve in the diagram. 4b) Show the allocatively efficient level of lumber output on the diagram. Explain. 4c) Describe and show the new market outcome if lumber producers are required to pay a tax of $10 per unit of lumber pro
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Question 4 Consider the market for lumber, which we assume here to be
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- 1. There are 10 producers each with a cost curve C(q) = q². The demand curve is given 2000 10p. Each producer creates a MEC (marginal external cost) of $100 per unit produced. by D = a) What is the competitive equilibrium quantity produced and consumed? b) What is the efficient quantity?3. Demand for a product called widgets is given by p= 200 - 2Y. Supply is given by p = Y/2 + 5, where Y is the quantity of widgets per month and p is the price of widgets. Assume a perfectly competitive industry. a) Graph the supply and demand curves, find the competitive market price and quantity of widgets and show them on the graph. (3) b) Suppose the production of widgets creates pollution damages of $5 per unit of widget produced. Find the economically efficient levels of price and quantity of widgets and show them on your graph. (3) c) Explain how a tax could be used to steer the competitive market outcome towards the economically efficient outcome. (3)3. The Buckaroo Company faces the following inverse demand curve for its patented product known as a "didgeridoo": P=190-Q Its total cost function is TC = 100 + 10q a. (3 points) Assume the firm charges its single profit-maximizing price. Draw a graph that illustrates the effect on efficiency. If there is a deadweight loss, show it on the graph and calculate its size. If there is no deadweight loss, explain why not. Show your work: No work no credit!
- Suppose that a chemical manufacturing plant is releasing nitrogen oxides into the air, and these emissions are associated with health and ecological damages. Economists have estimated the following marginal costs and benefits for the chemical market, where Q is monthly output in thousands of pounds and P is price per pound. MSB = 50 – 0.4Q MSC = 2 + 0.4Q MEB = 0 MEC = 0.2Q. Find the efficient equilibrium, QE and PE.Consider a river found in the city of Pittsburgh, and then answer the questions that follow. The city has a water park whose visitors use the river for recreation. The city also has a research facility that dumps industrial waste into the river. This pollutes the river and makes it a less desirable vacation destination. That is, the research facility's waste decreases the water park's economic profit. Suppose that the research facility could use a different production method that involves recycling water. This would reduce the pollution in the river to levels safe for recreation, and the water park would no longer be affected. If the research facility uses the recycling method, then the research facility's economic profit is $1,600 per week, and the water park's economic profit is $2,100 per week. If the research facility does not use the recycling method, then the research facility's economic profit is $2,100 per week, and the water park's economic profit is $1,300 per week. These…1.Suppose that elk hunting permits are sold in a competitive market by landowners who own property where elk reside, and one permit is required to harvest each elk. The demand curve for elk hunting permits is p=180-0.5q . The total cost to the landowners of allowing q elk to be harvested on their properties is C(q)=0.125q^2 . Draw a graph depicting this scenario. 2. Now assume there also is an amenity value associated with the presence of elk in the forest for wildlife watching and ecosystem health. This is a benefit that accrues to the public at large, not only to the elk hunters or property owners. The external benefits from having Q elk remaining in the forest after each hunting season is 50Q . There are Q0 elk in the forest at the beginning of each hunting season, so Q=Q0-q . Draw a graph depicting this scenario.
- 1.Suppose that elk hunting permits are sold in a competitive market by landowners who own property where elk reside, and one permit is required to harvest each elk. The demand curve for elk hunting permits is p=180-0.5q. The total cost to the landowners of allowing q elk to be harvested on their properties is C(q)=0.125q^2 . Draw a graph depicting this scenario. 2. Now assume there also is an amenity value associated with the presence of elk in the forest for wildlife watching and ecosystem health. This is a benefit that accrues to the public at large, not only to the elk hunters or property owners. The external benefits from having Q elk remaining in the forest after each hunting season is 50Q . There are Q0 elk in the forest at the beginning of each hunting season, so Q=Q0- q. Draw a graph depicting this scenario.The town has a kayak rental and visitors use the lake for recreation. The town also has a chemical lab that dumps industrial waste into the lake. This pollutes the lake and makes it a less desirable vacation destination. That is, the chemical lab's waste decreases the kayak rental's economic profit. Suppose that the chemical lab could use a different production method that involves recycling water. This would reduce the pollution in the lake to levels safe for recreation, and the kayak rental would no longer be affected. If the chemical lab uses the recycling method, then the chemical lab's economic profit is $900 per week, and the kayak rental's economic profit is $2,600 per week. If the chemical lab does not use the recycling method, then the chemical lab's economic profit is $1,600 per week, and the kayak rental's economic profit is $1,500 per week. These figures are summarized in the following table. Complete the following table by computing the total profit (the chemical lab's…Include correctly labeled diagrams, if useful or required, in explaining your answers. A correctly labeled diagram must have all axes and curves clearly labeled and must show directional changes. If the question prompts you to “Calculate,” you must show how you arrived at your final answer. Soybeans are produced and sold in a perfectly competitive market. The fertilizers used in soybean production generate a negative externality by seeping liquid contaminants into local rivers. (a) Draw a correctly labeled graph of the soybean market, and show each of the following. (i) The marginal private cost, labeled MPC (ii) The marginal social cost, labeled MSC (iii) The marginal social benefit, labeled MSB (iv) The market equilibrium quantity, labeled QC (v) The socially optimal quantity, labeled QS (vi) The area of the deadweight loss, shaded completely (b) Assume the government sets a binding price floor such that the quantity demanded in the market is between QS and QC. (i) What will happen…
- The following table shows how the marginal benefit enjoyed by John, Mary, Loren, and all other consumers of outdoor rock concerts varies with the number made available by a city government per summer. a) What would be the efficient number of concerts to produce if the marginal cost of production were $425 instead of $1,000? b) Suppose the marginal cost of producing rock concerts is only $250 per concert no matter how many are produced. Use the data to calculate the efficient number of concerts. c) If a Lindahl scheme is used to finance the concerts, what prices of admission should be charged to John, Loren, and Mary?Switzerland has over 500 watch manufacturers. Most of them are quite small and they cluster around the so-called "Watch Valley" which is an area covering the Jura Mountains from Geneva to Basel. Swiss watches dominate the world's fine watch market. a) Explain how geographic clustering of the Swiss watch industry helps to create external economies of scale. b) It is quite possible that some other country has a lower average cost curve for watch production (e.g. due to lower wages). Yet Switzerland continues to be the world's largest producer and exporter of fine watches. Explain why external EOS have a tendency to cause established pattern of production and trade to be "locked in."A global-positioning anti-theft device installed by one car owner can produce a positive spillover to other citizens in a community. Discuss the impact on the: (v) Market equilibrium level of output (vi) Efficient level of output