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- The use of multiple drugs in HAART to treat AIDS has a. completely removed the virus from infected individuals. b. reduced the viral level in the bloodstream to undetectable levels. c. been a complete failure. d. been supplanted by the new HIV vaccine.5. A bacterial toxin was found to cause malaise and fever and upon structural elucidation was found to be a protein that interacts with immune cells: a. Malaise is a i. Sign ii. Symptom iii. Neither b. This toxin is an: i. Exotoxin ii. Endotoxin c. This toxin is an i. AB Toxin ii. Membrane-damaging toxin iii. Superantigen iv. None d. True or False: A toxoid vaccine cannot be produce for this toxin e. This toxin is an i. Neurotoxin ii. Enterotoxin iii. Cytotoxin This toxin is an i. Heat-labile ii. Heat-stable f. iii. Neither g. This toxin is produced in i. Gram-negative only ii. Gram-positive only iii. Either Gram-positive or gram-negative1. If the human body can successfully fight off the mumps virus, why is it hard to fight AIDS? 2. What cells that fight disease are always present in the body? What cells or parts of cells are produced after the disease-causing virus enters the body? 3. What are some different ways the body develops immunity to a disease? 4. Where are scientists in the process of developing a vaccine for HIV?
- 3. After HIV components are made, what is the correct order of thestages that produce mature HIV particles?a. Maturation, budding, assemblyb. Maturation, assembly, buddingc. Assembly, budding, maturationd. Assembly, maturation, buddingWhat are the key differences in the invasion of cells by: a. HIV b. Adenovirus c. Anthrax d. SARS-CoV-2 e. MERS1. A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. Itstimulates your immune system to produce antibodies, exactly like it would if you were exposed to the disease. Unlike most medicines, which treat or cure diseases, vaccines prevent them. If you are given a mission of creating a vaccine, for what viral disease will it be? Why? 2. SARS-CoV 2 is the virus responsible for Covid-19. With the current situation in the Philippines, the number of positive Covid-19 cases are slowly declining but it’s not over yet. What do you think are the factors that contributed to the easy spread of this virus? 3. What can you do, as a student, in preventing the spread of Covid-19?
- 5. The covid vaccine contains mrna this will produce a. passive adaptive immunity b. active adaptive immunity c. innate protien.1. Explain why some people (especially the blacks) are resistant to malarial infection. 2. Could the mosquito transmit HIV? Why or why not?Which of the following is a trait that both HPV and HIV share? A.Both have an RNA genome B.Both undergo reverse transcription C.Both integrate into the genome D.Both can cause cancer
- 18) HIV can infect all of the following cells EXCEPT: C. Monocytes Both A and D D. Polymorphonuclear cells (neutrophils) None of these A. CD4- subset of lymphocytes B. Macrophages7) The herpesviruses: a. Have three round of protein translation in its replication cycles, one before genome replication and two after genome replication b. Can have a persistent infection c. None1-Why do some viruses seem to go away and then return later, like a cold sore? a-host has been infected with a different strain b-the immune system forgot the virus c-the virus had entered the lysogenic cycle d-the virus mutated 2-The most common healthcare associated infection is/are a. surgical site infections b. urinary tract infections C. septicemia d. respiratory system infections 3-Which of the following is NOT a characteristic which makes one more susceptible to healthcare associated infections? a. Severe burns b. Elderly c. Male d. Diabetic 4-When a microbe periodically changes its surface markers to avoid the immune system it is called a. camouflage b. antigenic variation c. antibody destruction d. molecular mimicry 5- Which of the following is NOT a non-specific defense found in the GI tract? a. Acidity in the stomach b. Constant movement of materials through the system c. Alkalinity of the small intestine d. All of the above are non-specific defenses of the GI tract 6-The…