3. After 24 hours of fermentation, no more CO₂ was produced in the presence of sucrose. Assuming that the yeast are still alive, explain this observation. Based on you results what do you conclude about yeasts' ability to metabolize lactose?
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- I am needing help with 1 through 3, please 1) Using the graphs, indicate if the data supports or does not support the hypothesis: The rate of balloon inflation will be directly proportional to the amount of sugar added to the yeast solution. Also, which graph illustrates the most clearly what happened in the experiment and why? 2) Which graph illustrates the most clearly what happened in the experiment? Why? 3) Glycolysis in an anaerobic environment produces a net of 2 ATP and Pyruvate. Why does Yeast bother to ferment Pyruvate to Ethanol?1. Write the over all equation of formation of one palmitate molecule via condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction reactions.. Single line text. 2. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol.. Single line text.roblem 1An aerobic biochemical process uses a CSTR w/o recycle. The feed characteristics are asfollows: Influent substrate concentration, So = 200 mg/L; half- velocity coefficient, Ks = 50mg/L; maximum, specific substrate utilization rate, k = 5 g/g- day; yield coefficient, Y = 0.5g Xa/g substrate consumed; microorganism decay coefficient, b = 0.10 day-1.1. The process goal is the production of active biomass. Determine the hydraulicretention time that the reactor should be operated in order to maximize the reactoractive biomass concentration (Xa). How does this retention time compare with theminimum solids retention time that the system can theoretically be operated?Calculate the solids retention time safety factor.2. Based on the solids retention time for maximum Xa calculated above, estimate theactive biomass concentration (Xa) and the substrate removal efficiency (E, %)
- 10_UG_26563_ch09_167-184.indd 175 Press esc to exit full screen Yeast Fermentation The unicellular fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in the food industry to ferment sugars. The rate of fermentation is measured by CO₂ production. The addition of inorganic phosphate increases this rate. THINK Answer this question individually: 1. Why does the fermentation of sugars, such as glucose and fructose, depend upon the presence of P? PAIR Answer the following questions with a partner: 2. Which glycolytic reactions require P? 3. Several glycolytic intermediates contain phosphate. Where did these groups come from during the reactions? SHARE 4. How much P, is required to generate one CO₂? As a class, discuss the following questions: 5. Is CO₂ generation the most reliable way to measure ethanol fermentation? Why or why not? HANDOUT 175 23/03/17 2:02 pm Page 1 of 4 ...... ZOOM + KAnaerobic production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is associated with yeast growth. The steady-state growth kinetics of yeast follows Monod. It is intended to produce 10 kg/h of ethanol in an ideal CSRT-type fermenter, fed by a solution of 50 g/L of glucose. Size the fermenter for this purpose (calculate its working volume), setting the biomass concentration at the exit of the fermenter at 6.9 g/L.Note: CSTR = Continuous Stirred Tank ReactorData: μmax = 0.1 h-1; Ks = 0.5 g/L; YX/S = 0.15; YP/S = 0.45.(answer: V = 5435 L)2C. A “pulse-chase" experiment using "C-labeled glucose can be carried out on a yeast extract that is maintained under strictly anaerobic conditions. The experiment consists of incubating a small amount of "C-labeled substrate (the pulse) with the yeast extract just long enough for each intermediate in the fermentation pathway to become labeled. The label is then “chased" through the pathway by the addition of excess unlabeled glucose. The chase effectively prevents any further entry of labeled glucose into the pathway. 2 ADP 2 ATP Glucose ---> CH3 2 NAD* 2 NADH 2 Pyruvate H H H-C-OH C=0 CH3 CH3 2 co, 2 Ethanol 2 Acetylaldehyde (1) If [1-"C]glucose (glucose labeled at C-1 with "C) is used as a substrate, will there be any "C in the product (ii) Lactic acid is the final fermentation product in vertebrates, while ethanol is the final fermentation product in yeast. Lactic acid can be converted back into glucose while ethanol can not be. In the space below, use a thermodynamic rationale to…
- Anaerobic production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is associated with yeast growth. The steady-state growth kinetics of yeast follows Monod. It is intended to produce 10 kg/h of ethanol in an ideal CSRT-type fermenter, fed by a solution of 50 g/L of glucose. Size the fermenter for this purpose (calculate its working volume), setting the biomass concentration at the exit of the fermenter at 6.9 g/L.6 If radio-labeled C-5 of glucose is used for glycolysis and alcoholic fermentation, which carbon in the final product(s) is labeled? Please explain the trace of the radio-labeled carbon in all the key steps (i.e. which carbon is labeled in FBP, DHAP/GAP, and pyruvate). Please answer the question by specifically stating which carbon is labeled in the final product and which carbon is labeled in each step. Thank You!a. From experimental data obtained in Figure 1, construct a plot and equation that determines the rate constant, kM, of the MOX activity in conditions A and B of growth culture of H. polymorpha on methanol. Justify the selection of plot and findings. b. From the data behaviour presented in Figure 1, describe the enzymatic activity of MOX. What factors may influence the enzymatic activity of MOX at different condition batch cultures of H. polymorpha.
- In aerobic respiration, cells generate heat as they grow. The amount of heat generated by cells is proportional to the amount of oxygen they consume. Accordingly, it was found that 460 kJ is generated per gmol of O2 consumed. Suppose that you need to choose a fermenter for optimal growth of Bacillus subtilis cells. It is known that the maximum oxygen demand of B. subtilis is 100 mol m3 h1. A vendor offers you a reactor with a cylindrical shape (2.8 m in diameter) and 15 m³ volume. The reactor includes a cooling coil with 30 m length and a pipe diameter of 6 cm, through which. For practical purposes, power input by the rotating impeller inside the bioreactor can be neglected. Does this reactor meet the cooling requirements of your production process? Note: If you think you need more information than you are provided with here to solve this problem, use online resources to find the required information. In this case, please state your source clearly. Note: You may assume that the…Using the data provided 6. Which carbohydrate (fuel) did yeast use fastest (i.e. most gas produced? B. Was this result what you expected yes/no? C. Why do you think yeast used this carbohydrate (fuel) fastest? Hint: Think about a) The structures of the carbohydrates in the process of cell respiration, and/or b) what kinds of molecules cells need to break down these carbohydrates.7. Identify this type of met abolism. Complete the diagram for A B, andC. ( Glucose NADH ATP LAB: What is the goal of a successful Streak Plate procedure? How does this help us when we look at Koch's Postulates? 8. 9. LAB: When looking at the results of your streak plate: a. Were you successful? If so, how do you know? b. If not, what might have not gone wel? c. What was the goal of streak plating?
