1. Consider a homogeneous product industry with inverse demand given by p 100 2Q. Variable cost is given by C = 10q. There is currently one incumbent firm and one potential competitor. Entry into the industry implies a sunk cost of F. 1.a) Determine the incumbent's optimal output in the absence of potential competition. 1.b) Suppose the entrant takes the incumbent's output as given. Show that the entrant's equilibrium profit is decreasing in the incumbent's output. 1.c) What output should the incumbent firm set to deter entry? 1.d) Determine the lowest value of F such that the incumbent firm prefers to deter entry.
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- A6 In Changlun, Kedah, there are two bakers, Abu and Bakar. Their bread taste the same and nobody can tell the difference. Abu has constant marginal costs of RM1 per loaf of bread. Bakar has constant marginal costs of RM2 per loaf. Fixed costs are zero for both of them. The inverse demand function for bread in Changlun is p(q) = 6 – 0.01(qA + qB), where q is the total number of loaves sold per day. Find the reaction function for Abu and Bakar. What is the Cournot Nash equilibrium number of loaves of bread for each baker?Suppose 4Sisters is a patented vaccine. Her producer is facing a linear demand function for 4Sisters. She manufactures at a constant marginal cost of $20. Reports indicate that she produces 12,000 units of vaccine. She charges a unit price of $400. She is making a positive economic profit of $1,500,000. Draw a well-labelled diagram to indicate the output decision, pricing decision, economic profit, and the resultant deadweight loss in the market for 4Sisters. Indicate key figures with reference to the above given information.Please no written by hand solution Considerthe following problem. There are five firms producing a homogenous good and competing in quantities simultaneously. The demand function for this good is given by D(p) = 100−p, where p denotes price. The marginal cost is the same for all firms and equals 40 Answer the following questions. (a) Compute the equilibrium quantities and profits of each firm. (b) Now suppose that two of these firms (say firms 1 and 2) want to merge. (The remaining firms stay unchanged.) Merging, however, is costly. To merge, each merging firm has to pay a fixed cost F. Determine the highest fixed cost F that the two firms would be willing to pay in order to proceed with the merger.
- A10 Consider an industry with 2 firms, each firm with marginal costs equal to 0. Market demand curve is given by Q=60- P. With 2 firms, we can write Q=Q1+ Q2 . Suppose that each firm behaves as a “Cournot” competitor, that is, choose the optimal quantity maximizing the profits in a strategic way.(a) What would be the values of Q1, and Q2 in equilibrium? (b) Suppose firm 1 can “commit” its level of output in advance. In other words, if firm 1 announces to produce Q1, firm 2 needs to decide how much to produce assuming that firm 1 would indeed produce Q1. What’s the level of Q1 firm 1 would choose to maximize its profit?Qno3 AVAC is the only pharmaceutical firm producing a Vaccine. The Demand Curve for its product is Qd = 250 – 50 P where P is Price and Q are packs of vaccines in ‘000 Total Cost Function estimated by the firm is TC = 15 + 0.5Q where Q is monthly output. Required. a). What is the market structure of AVAC? State its characteristics. b). To maximize profit, i) What will be the optimum price and how many packs of Vaccine should the firm produce and sell per month? ii). If this number of packs is produced and sold, what will be the firm’s monthly profit? c). Using available information, draw AVAC’s demand, marginal revenue and marginal cost curves in a graph and clearly label thefirm’s profit maximizing price, quantity and profit. Do you observe any welfare loss? If so, also indicate and label the area on the graph.? d). Assume all other pharmaceutical firms in the market start producing the Vaccine and the market becomes competitive. What will…The following graph depicts the costs incurred by a Local egg seller, Rahim. Rahim is faced with strong competitors who are selling exactly the same product. Use the graph to answer the following questions- Price/Cost per egg MC 12 ATC 8 MR3 AVC 6. MR2 MR1 Quantity 100 200 300 400 a)At what price will Rahim try to minimize loss by selling eggs in the market? b)At what price will there be a break-even point?
- Consider a simple monopolistic competition industry (many firms) in whicheach firm in the industry has one store. The store costs $200 per week andthe marginal cost is $10 per unit of output in addition to the fixed cost of the store. Hint: Mathematically this problem can be solved just like a monopoly problem. (a) If the typical the demand facing each individual firm is QD = 40−P eachweek, what price will a typical firm in this industry charge? (Hint: IfQD = 40 − P then P = 40 − QD and MR = 40 − 2QD). (b) Is the firm making a positive profit? What is the producer surplus? Whatis the profit after fixed costs? (c) Will new firms enter the market if demand stays the same and new firmsface the same demand and have the same costs? (d) In general, what is the long run profit of an average firm in a monopolistically competitive market.If a market has few barriers to entry and manyfirms, how might firms still have positive economic profit? Describe a strategy a firm in thistype of market might use to maintain economicprofitsThe soluation avilible I believe it is wrong so please solve it carefully Carl and Simon are the only sellers of pumpkins at the market, where the total demand function for pumpkins is q =3 ,200−1,600p. The total number of pumpkins sold at the market is q = qC + qS, where qC is the number that Carl sells, qS is the number that Simon sells. The cost of producing pumpkins for each farmer is $.50 per pumpkin; the fixed costs are zero. .a. Find the Cournot equilibrium price and quantities. .b. Find the Bertrand equilibrium price and quantities. . .c. Suppose now that every spring the snow thaws off of Carl’s pumpkin field a week before it thaws off of Simon’s. Therefore, Carl can plant his pumpkins one week earlier than Simon while predicting Simon’s choice based on the previous year information. Simon observes Carl’s choice and chooses how much pumpkin to plant. Find the new equilibrium price and quantities. .d. Compare the quantities and prices in parts a, b, and c. Rank these outcomes…
- The petrol industry in Dubai has become increasingly concentrated in recent decades.The number of firms in the industry has dropped by 40 per cent since a 1999 peak, whilethe remaining firms “swelled in size.” In order to enter the industry, the owners of thecompanies must have significant capital at their disposal and they consider the impact oftheir decisions on competitors and the reactions of their competitors on themselves. Older firms tend to rest on their laurels, having little incentive to innovate. They spendless on research and development, and instead acquire growth through mergers oracquisitions and expand margins by raising prices on consumers. As at 2020, Cyril Techhas become the largest player in the market providing 80 per cent of the petrol output.The remaining players control 20 per cent of the output. a) State what market structure existed in the petrol industry subsequent to 1999. Canexcess profit be earned in this industry in the long run. Explain. b) State what…Pricing Strategies for Firms with Market Power-End of Chapter Problem Elario's inverse demand for cupcakes is And Elario's marginal and average cost is a constant $0.50. Suppose Elario decides to sell cupcakes only in packages of 20. a. How much would customers be willing to pay to obtain a 20-pack of Elario's cupcakes? Price for 20-pack = $ b. How much profit will Elario earn from each customer? Profit per customer: $ c. Profit under this scheme is profit earned by Elario in part d of problem 16.17 of 16 BNW is one of many producers of luxury wheelchairs, which are differentiated to appeal to different market niches. BNW's Price per chair relevant demand and cost curves are depicted in the graph. $2,000 Average total Use this graph to answer the questions. Assume that there are 1,800 Marginal cost no significant barriers to entry. cost 1,600 Determine BNW's profit-maximizing price and quantity. 1,400 1,200 1,000 price per chair: $ 800 600 400 quantity of chairs: chairs 200 Demand Marginal revenue 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Calculate BNW's profit. Chairs per week BNW's profit: $