Tma04 Essay

The study shows that any release of carbon dioxide is happening in a very gradual manner that is taking far longer than originally was thought would occur, which is good news for the Earth’s environment.

The purpose of this project is to test if smaller reactants create a faster chemical change. This test also will show if hot or cold water affect the time of the chemical reaction. The experiment will show if reactants are broken down into smaller particles can the chemical reactions speed up, the increase of CO2 at ten second intervals. This will be done using an experiment with Alka-seltzer tablets, varying their physical composition and timing the release of CO2 over ten second intervals.

In 650,000 years and through seven ice ages, the CO2 level never rose above 300 parts per million, but today that number is doubled. There is a relationship between temperature and CO2 levels. As the CO2 levels increase, so does the temperature. As the temperature increases and the oceans get warmer, hurricanes and typhoons increase around the

When many think of global warming or climate change, they think of an increase of heat. Yet there is much more to this than meets the eye, all stemming from greenhouse gases which is also known as Co2. As

CO2 is a greenhouse gas and it is produced by the human activities listed above, which can change the chemistry of the water by decreasing the pH (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007). The rise in ocean temperatures is occurring because CO2 levels are constantly increasing because of human activities such as burning of fossil fuels, cement industry, meat production, destruction of natural habitat and this is increasing the levels of CO2 in our atmosphere. The CO2 is being absorbed by oceans and causing an increase in ocean acidification (Hoegh-Guldberg et al.

There are 3 different functional groups, excluding the alkane and cycloalkanes. There are two aliphatic ketones and three aliphatic alcohols along with a cyclohexadiene, where one of the ketones is found. The alcohols are secondary, tertiary and primary as you go from left to right of the molecule.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbs energy from the sun, then releases it back into earth; it is the second largest greenhouse gas after water vapour. Carbon dioxide releases out a harmful gas, which is dissolved out to the atmosphere determined by temperature. However CO2 is not one of the main impulsive forces in causing climate shifts, but as the climate cools the concentration of CO2 decreases this then has a further cooling effect. Causing this irregular rise and fall in CO2 levels is the shift where carbon moves between the atmosphere, the earths crust and the ocean. Furthermore, the rapid change of seasons also has an effect in how CO2 levels act, as such in winter the saturation levels in the ocean increases. This then influences the CO2 levels to dissolve in the ocean, resulting to a rise in sea levels and causes such as loss of biodiversity.

Leading up to the present, levels of CO2 have fluctuated due to geochemical processes such suspension of the gas in sediment, silicate rock weathering, and volcanism. Also, human activity plays a large part in carbon deposition into the atmosphere predominantly through the burning of fossil fuels and the cultivation of livestock. On a drastically larger time-scale the carbon cycle is ever so slightly reducing atmospheric CO2 , which will ultimately bring the concentration down near zero, causing all life on the planet to be wiped out. The carbon cycle, including both terrestrial and aquatic processes, is the foundation under which photosynthesis is possible. Aside from the carbon cycle, CO2 is a key element in many other natural processes and phenomena such as the “Greenhouse Effect” and “Global Warming”.

In this lab, Le Chatelier’s Principle was observed by shifting different equilibriums to the left or right in order to make the colors of the rainbow. The equilibrium shift could be identified by the colors of the solution. In the tray 5 experiment, the reactant was pink and the product was a dark blue color. After stressing the equilibrium, a pink color indicated that the equilibrium was shifted to the left, and a blue color indicated that the equilibrium was shifted to the right. The stresses that were studied in this experiment were changes in the temperature of the system and changes in concentrations of reactants or products. Le Chatelier 's Principle states that when an equilibrium system is subject to a stress, the system responds by attaining a new equilibrium condition that minimizes the imposed stress. The main stresses on an equilibrium system are changes in concentration of the reactants or products, changes in temperature, and changes in pressure or volume for gaseous equilibria. The stress will either not cause a shift in equilibrium or will cause the system to shift left of right in order to establish an equilibrium. Adding or removing a pure solid or liquid does not change the concentration; therefore, it does not affect equilibrium. Only aqueous solutions and gases affect equilibrium. Increasing the concentration of the reactants will cause a shift to the right. Decreasing the concentration of the products also has the same effect. Decreasing the

The results of the experiment showed that as the time the soda water was left out for increased, the moles of carbon dioxide present in the soda water decreased. Similar results can be seen in the following study conducted by R Wiebe and V. L Gladdy which investigated carbon dioxide solubility in water at different pressures and temperatures. This investigation found that at all temperatures, when the pressures were increased the solubility of the carbon dioxide also increased. At 40°, the cc of carbon dioxide per mL of water increased from 11.62 cc per mL at a pressure of 25 atmospheres to 36.73cc per mL at a pressure of 500 atmospheres (Wiebe & Gladdy, Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Water, 1940). The results from the Wiebe and Gladdy corroborate the results of this investigation by showing that at lower pressures less carbon dioxide is dissolved in water. The results of this experiment occurred because the opening of the bottle causes the loss of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere due to the release of pressure. Prior to opening, the carbonic acid had reached equilibrium with the oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the bottle, which was a closed system. However when the bottle, and thus the system, was opened, the carbon dioxide was able to escape into the atmosphere. This lead to fewer moles of carbon dioxide, thus causing a decline in the quantity of carbonic acid. The change in pressure caused the equilibrium constant to change, as shown by le Chatelier’s principle. The

As the concentration of CO2 increases in the atmosphere, the synthesis reaction will shift towards the right, thus, creating more H2CO3.

Cyanide is relatively every chemical compound that has monovalent combining cyano group. CN group is made out of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. This chemical compound is monovalent since it is able to form only one covalent bond.

Anthropogenic CO2 release into the atmosphere has led to increasing temperatures in the atmosphere and in the ocean (CITA). Greater amounts of CO2 is causing the oceans to become more acidic (Caldeira & Wickett, 2003; Ross et al., 2011).

Coordinating compounds, usually noted by their Indo-Aryan name ‘dvandva’. Coordination complexes were notable since the start of chemistry. The definition and border of the class of coordinating compounds involves two issues: initially, what a ‘compound’ is and how can we distinguish coordinative compounds from alternative multiword expressions; second, the understanding of what coordination is, and the way it's to be distinguished from alternative, non-symmetrical relations (e.g. subordination). The major breakthrough occurred once Alfred Werner put forward in 1893 that Co(III) bears six ligands in an octahedral geometry. His theory permits one to grasp the distinction between coordinated and ionic in a compound, for instance chloride within the cobalt ammine chlorides and to clarify several of the earlier unexplainable isomers. In 1914, Werner resolved the first coordination complex, known as hexol, into optical isomers, overthrowing the idea that solely carbon compounds may possess chirality.

The rapidly increasing amount of carbon dioxide may be one of the factors that cause climate change. As Mayer states, “Concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are increasing, and have done so since the Industrial Revolution.” An atmospheric CO2 concentration, research shows that there is a dramatic increase from 280 parts per million (ppm) in 1750 to 373 ppm in 2002, a rise of the third. Furthermore, the linear chart demonstrated the trend of annual global CO2 emissions and it