Informed Consent By Deborah Zoe Laufer

Another issue with the implementation of Informed consent arises when the patient waives the right to Informed consent and leaves the right to make the decision on the physician. Though legally correct, this can cause psychological stress for the physician especially when the decision is about a life threatening medical condition. Moreover, this also makes the patient vulnerable to abuse. (Manthous, DeGirolamo, 2003)

Every patient has a right to decide on their own course of treatment and freely consent to that treatment. In order to make an educated decision they must be provided with the proper information to make an informed choice (Opinion 8.08 - Informed Consent, 2006). It is the physician’s legal and ethical obligation to provide this information when making their recommendation on treatment. The choices given must be in accordance with good medical practice (Opinion 8.08 - Informed Consent, 2006). The informed consent is the legal policy, either written or verbal, that gives full disclosure of all the information including potential risks that is applicable to the patient’s condition and treatment being offered (Kazmier, 2008).

At that time there was great flux in research oversight, so it wasn’t illegal though it was unethical to conduct a research without informed consent. A new law on Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent went into effect few days after the blood collection. So the family’s informed consent wasn’t gotten before they started conducting the research. They didn’t just cause them the pain of a needle stick, they invaded their privacy by uncovering their genetic information. The Lacks never knew what was going on, no one explained what the test was all about even if Hsu had claimed to have explained to Day. It was obvious that he never understood anything because of his lack of education. The family thought they were been tested for cancer, and there isn’t such thing as a test for cancer. Deborah kept

Respect for human dignity includes two rights; the right to self-determination and the right to full disclosure. When conducting a research study these two rights must be maintained to ensure that the participants are not coerced into participation and that they are making the choice of their own free will. Patients must be provided with all the information necessary to make an informed decision and voluntarily participate. No deception or concealed data collection can be done because it will violate the patients’ rights.

The U.S. Healthcare System continues to evolve and develop delivery strategies of affordable high-quality health services to all individuals. Striving to make available superior advances in U.S. health, healthcare providers delivery options, solutions and/or treatments for the American populace.

The standard of care is the attention you would give to any one of your patients in similar situations. A patient’s best interest is the only one to be considered. An appropriate standard of care would be reached in this case study if you would treat her emergency situation as you would any other, regardless of circumstance and act on that accordingly. There should be no favoritism of judgment in your standard of care. (Caldwell & Connor, 2012, pg. 27).

The first, and maybe most important, mistake made by these researchers was the fact that they did not tell their research subjects what was actually happening. They were promised treatment, but instead were not treated at all. Public health services even went to extreme lengths to make sure the subjects

Another clear cause of the unethical study behaviour lies in the freedom given to the scientists. The researchers

The research ethics, especially with the human subjects, is a very complex topic, and the completion of the certification opened my eyes on many aspects of research process. I learned how important it is to fully understand the research purpose and the methodology especially when selecting participants. I learned which populations are considered vulnerable, how to balance risk and potential benefits of research, and the importance of obtaining an informed, voluntary consent. I learned how important it is for researchers to ensure subjects confidentiality and privacy. Hardicre (2014) said that the research would be impossible without volunteers, and that the researchers “must act as patient advocates to ensure that every stage of the research

Informed consent most closely interrelates to the guideline of deception. Deception is possibly the most controversial and also the most important aspects of research in psychology. Deception occurs when the experimenter withholds information about the study or the true aim of the study. In psychological research, it is important to use the least amount of deception possible. In all cases the researcher must take careful consideration to the benefits of any deception. If deception is carried out the participant is likely to experience: a feeling of being uncomfortable, negative feelings towards the research, and suspicion of the research. However, sometimes deception is necessary for the researcher because if the participants understand the aim of the study they could act differently according to the aim of the study. For instance, in memory research the researcher can inform the aim of the study because the participants do not know what they will be asked to remember.

In order to successfully treat the tribes, historical knowledge should be combined with evidence-based practices, science-based medicine and measurement-based care. The 2016 National Tribal Behavioral Health Agenda states that, “scientifically rigorous assessment of efficacy and effectiveness must always be respectful and culturally competent – reflecting each tribal communities’ and their individual members’ concepts of illness and treatment objectives – in order to extend to tribal communities the same entitlement to high-quality, evidence-based practices for which other parts of the United States health system are increasingly held to account.” The American Psychological Association calls for the integration of cultural beliefs, values and preferences in the treatment process, and is considered a good example for integrated behavioral health

The impact of the Havasupai case further drew out the already existing negative relations between the medical community and native tribes. Nanibaa’ Garrison speaks on this relationship: “as a consequence of the Havasupai case and prior instances of genetic research injustices, many tribes continue to refuse participation in genetic research despite researchers’ ongoing efforts to recruit them” (Garrison 2013, 204). Many tribes including the Havasupai set up formal orders banishing researchers from stepping on to their reservations and halting all current and future research, “even that which might benefit the tribe” (204). Researchers and IRB members also show signs of wanting to take further action to protect themselves from lawsuits. Many mentioned that they would shift toward

Another issue she endured was determining what was truth from fictional. Also, figuring out what is important and useless to her research. For example, an event may have caused one person to fabricate information to gain popularity, while another document may have left out important information. This would lead the researcher to look for more documents to compare information from one document to

The reason for that was because Sara hated Jeremy’s family and tried to avoid being with them as much as possible while Jon’s parents did not live in the same city as the couple so it was not possible to meet with them. The couples did not give the researcher permission to interact with them outside of these fields. The researcher was not able to meet with the couples’ friends and see how they interact among their peers. While this would have provided interesting data on the subject, the priority of the research was on their parents and so, the lack of data on their peers did not negatively impact the research.

Tammy, I agree that the right of the human subjects in debate is the right to withdraw from this research. I believe there were many opportunities in this case study for improvement. Working in health care can be very challenging, especially when you are that patient’s advocate. When this research study was presented to the Gentry family all the information had not been included in this consent and the family was not informed of the potential of complications. Education should have been given to the family to include the potential complications related to IV filtration, further procedures that may be required to continue with this study. The family should have also been informed of the multiple sticks that were performed over the last several