Opinion 8.08 Informed Consent

Although the authors agree with Katz on his view of sense one and sense two, they reason that his model of shared decision making is nothing like informed consent. Shared decision making is when the doctor and the patient reach a conclusion that satisfies them both, but the authors do not agree with this notion because it violates the idea of informed consent by involving the doctor’s opinion. In sense one, the second condition states there should be no manipulation or coercion in true informed consent, and shared decision making does not recognize

Informed consent is the basis for all legal and moral aspects of a patient’s autonomy. Implied consent is when you and your physician interact in which the consent is assumed, such as in a physical exam by your doctor. Written consent is a more extensive form in which it mostly applies when there is testing or experiments involved over a period of time. The long process is making sure the patient properly understands the risk and benefits that could possible happen during and after the treatment. As a physician, he must respect the patient’s autonomy. For a patient to be an autonomous agent, he must have legitimate moral values. The patient has all the rights to his medical health and conditions that arise. When considering informed

The Doctor and Patient relationship aspect of Medicine has changed drastically in the last twenty years. It has evolved from paternalism (the doctor makes the decision for the patient) to shared decision making where the patient is considered an equal partner in his/her own health related decisions. Informed consent is the cornerstone for this view. When a patient or a research subject makes an autonomous decision after understanding, the risks and benefits involved with the decision is Informed consent. Complete Informed consent covers the following components: competency, disclosure, comprehension and voluntary. Competency refers to the requirement for the individual to be of legal age and be mentally competent to understand the process.

It is best demonstrated when patients signs for proposed treatment once they feel fully informed and completely understand what a treatment or procedure entails. The idea of informed consent is based on the principle of autonomy and respect of self-determination. In this paper I am going to present different perspectives of informed consent by different institutions that why it is important to treatment procedure.

I must be aware, as the patient’s advocate, of the choice of each individual patient regarding his or her medical management or, as in this case, the withholding of treatment.

The patient has the right to receive information necessary to give informed consent prior to the start of any procedure or treatment.

A physician who does not provide this to his/her patient may be liable for battery or negligence in the light of the doctrine of informed consent (Thorton 2000). As patients are entitled to this information, physicians possess a duty to disclose regarding risks and hazards, while performing the procedure or treatment as agreed with the patient. If the doctrine of informed consent did not exist, physicians would be able to perform medical treatments, procedures, without a patient’s consent or full knowledge of the perils of healthcare. In addition, healthcare demands trust which is necessary between patients and physicians in order to deliver beneficial health outcomes. If the doctrine of informed consent is not performed between the patient and physician, then trust diminishes resulting in poor health outcomes (Roach 2014). An example of deliberate harm due to uninformed consent exist in the research conducted in the Tuskegee experiment, where treatment was withheld and subjects were not informed of their illness or available treatments (CDC 2013) resulting in poor health and

Informed Consent allows a doctor to render treatment to a patient. By signing the document states that the patient understands the circumstances and what is required. This paper is to analyze the consent and non-consent, and ethical issues that can become a problem.

In the world of medicine, consent is an ethical and a legal agreement between patient and their health care provider; to participate in but not limited to research trials or to obtain medical or surgical interventions. Consent generally is expressed or implied. Express consent can be an oral declaration or it can be provided by printed document. (informed consent). Nevertheless, consent is not an independent entity. It does not function on its own. It works in conjunction with capacity. Spike 2017, stated informed consent is the single most important concept for understanding decision-making capacity. This is measured by a patient’s ability to understand, retain, process and re-communicate the information provided by the medical professionals.

Patient's decision-making is influenced by several factors. Patients may change their decisions, from accepting or refusing treatment depending on the available treatment options. The capacity of the individual to make informed medical decisions can differ as the patient's status changes cognitively, emotionally, and/or physically and as the proposed treatment interventions change. Treatment refusal is a common situation faced by clinicians. Patients do not usually refuse the medical advice if the advice is of good intention. When patients refuse an advice, it indicates some underlying reasons related to the patients or family, factors associated with the physician as well as social and organizational issues.

There was no informed consent given to the participants to be part of the dataset. It is evidence that Kirkegard and Bjerrekaer’s did not meet the 6 subsections under Part B of informed consent: (1 & 2) elements of informed consent, (3 & 4) of IRB approval of consent procedure, (5) not to preempt federal and local laws, and (6) not to limit physicians’ care.

“Respect for human beings involves giving due scope to peoples capacity to make their own decisions. In the research context, this normally requires that participation be the result of a choice made by the participants” (NHMR, 2007, p.3).  Freegard 2012 (p.60), states that “respecting the rights of others,” includes a responsibility for Health professionals “to let others know about their rights” and that this forms the basis of an informed consent.

The patient has the right to receive information from physicians and to discuss the benefits, risks, and costs of appropriate treatment

What is informed consent and when, why and how must the physician obtained this consent? From the Medicine Net they defined Informed Consent as “The process by which a patient learns about the procedure, understands the purpose, benefits, and potential risks of a medical or surgical intervention, including clinical trails, and then agrees to receive the treatment or participate in the trial. Informed consent generally requires the patient or responsible party to sign a statement confirming that they understand the risks and benefits of the procedure or treatment.”

the treatment method, making informed decisions regarding their treatment plans. Although, patients are granted the freedom of will, we are obligated to explain treatments plans, methods and anything that is deemed necessary for patients to make decisions. It is the responsibility of healthcare professionals to provide any guidance that they may require in making these critical decisions. Informed consent is based on this very principle of autonomy. It is a consent form which the patient will have to sign prior to a procedure, to acknowledge agreement and consent to the particular procedure. The healthcare providers are then obligated to grant patients the right to refuse medications, therapies, surgery, or any other procedures, if the patient may decide so. It is both unethical and illegal to go against their decision (Beauchamp ,2009).