Haemostasis Essay

Explain what happened to the blood cells at the various levels of concentration. Be sure to refer to the solutions as being hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic.

Hemochromatosis is a genetic disease in which there is too much iron that builds up in your body, this is referred to as an iron overload. Iron is an essential nutrient found in many foods but can be toxic to our bodies if we have to much. “Normally, humans absorb about 8-10% of the iron found in foods that they eat.” People with Hemochromatosis can absorb up to four times more iron than a normal human being. Since our bodies have no natural way to get rid of the extra iron, it gets stored in your body tissue including the liver, heart, pancreas and many other areas of our body can also be infected by this iron overload.

unit 5 P5- Explain the concept homeostasis with reference to the control of heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature and blood glucose.

exists within the body (Neligan, 2006). When a pathogen is present in the bloodstream or

The three types of hemolysis are B, A, Y. B is complete clearing or destruction of the RBCs or hemoglobin and it results in a clearing of the medium around the colonies. A is partial destruction and a green color forms around the colonies. Y is non-Hemolysis and shows simple growth and no change to the medium.

Platelets 1)Transport chemicals important to clotting, 2)Form a temporary patch in the walls of damaged blood vessels, and 3)Actively contract after the clot has formed.

For the hemagglutination assay experiment the Con A concentration went from full strength at well A1 and at well A12 was the least. In the row of Con A by itself there was agglutination present in A1 through A6 but eventually the concentration became so dilute that around A7 the red blood cells were not able to agglutinate anymore. Similar results were seen with our Con A + galactose. Our Con A + mannose showed the first few wells with agglutination but eventually our Con A was not able to agglutinate the red blood cells due to the mannose interference. The negative control showed no agglutination throughout the wells. Our Con A wells should’ve been similar in comparison to the wells with control Con

For this experiment, whole bovine blood was used. The first process was to separate the blood into cellular and plasma fractions. 100 µL of whole bovine blood was transferred into a yellow microcentrifuge tube that was labeled WB using a P-200. 50 µL of whole blood was added to a blue microcentrifuge tube labeled WB. Both tubes were capped and placed in ice. 2 mL of the remaining blood was transferred into a Clear 2 mL tube using a P-2000 and centrifuged for 5 minutes at 8000 RPM. Afterward, 800 µL of the supernatant from the Clear tube was transferred into a yellow tube labeled WP and 50 µL of the supernatant was added to a blue tube labeled WP. These tubes were then capped and kept on ice.

The purpose of this lab being performed is for one to determine the normal osmolarity of our fluids, and how the different concentration solutes has an impact on the red blood cells shape. Depending on the solution being used the cell can either, swell up, crenate, burst, or keep its shape. Depending on the osmolarity of a cells interstitial fluid, the cell might change its tonicity if osmosis occurs. Osmolarity is the concentration of ions in a one-liter solution. We will be able to determine what solutions causes change in shape and tonicity by the different types of solutions we have by changing the extracellular fluid concentration of the solutes in the red blood cells. We will place the red blood cells in a 5% hypertonic solution, hypotonic

The circulatory system maintains homeostasis, by the controlled and continuous flow of blood that reaches each cell in the body. This allows the mechanisms within the circulatory system to ensure that every cell maintains a constant and balanced internal environment!

Tissue plasminogen activator is a fibrinolytic drug which is used to treat thromboembolic disorders, such as ischaemic strokes. These agents initiate secondary fibrinolysis to occur; altering the haemostatic capability. The primary purpose of this agent is to clear occluded blood vessels within the systemic circulation (Bryant & Knights 2011, pp.534-536).

FXI play a crucial role in coagulation, thromboembolism, and peripheral vascular disease mediated by venous thrombus growth in an endothelial denudated vessel and/or blood stasis. Promotion of the platelet aggregation and fibrin formation at low shear stress by the interaction of FXI and thrombin signify the role of FXI in thromboembolism [47]. Further, reduction in the thrombus formation in a denuded vessel with anti-FXI antibody indicates FXI to be a promising target in coagulation cascade to prevent thromboembolic events [47,48]. Many studies has demonstrated the reduced thrombus formation without increasing the risk of bleeding with antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) along with increased number of fluorescent platelets shed from the

The ACT, or Activated Clotting Time, can be used int he clinic to evaluate and diagnose secondary hemostasis from conditions such as rodenticide toxicosis and other disorders that cause a decrease in clotting factors. This test is performed by adding a blood sample to a special ACT tube containing a substance such as diatomaceous earth that activates the coagulation factors. A severe decrease, less than 5% of normal activity, in these clotting factors or a severe decrease in platelet numbers will lead to an increase in the length of time it takes the blood to clot after it has been added to the ACT tube. The ACT is not very sensitive to milder decreases in clotting factors.

Thrombin is a naturally occurring protein that is present in the blood of humans and animals. The main function of thrombin is as an intermediate step during hemostasis, which slows bleeding by forming blood clots. Thrombin acts as an enzyme during an injury, converting fibrinogen to fibrin, which then causes blood clots to form. Due to its properties, thrombin’s application to the medical field includes topical surgery in the case of minor injuries as well as various other medical procedures such as neurosurgical operations. Apart from applications in the medical field, thrombin also plays significant roles by directly interacting with endothelial cells throughout the body.

A drop of blood is added into each test tube and they are left for 5 min.;