Why was Lyell's concept of uniformitarianism, which proposed that the Earth had been going through gradual geological changes over a much longer period of time than previously believed, important for the development of Darwin's ideas about natural selection? Geological catastrophes can reform the landscape and open new niches into which species can adapt and thrive It provided another argument against the Church's explanation for the creation of Earth It explained how vast mountain ranges could form to separate populations It explained the presence of fossils for species that no longer existed An old Earth provides enough time for the gradual process of evolution to take place

Why was Lyell's concept of uniformitarianism, which proposed that the Earth had been going through gradual geological changes over a much longer period of time than previously believed, important for the development of Darwin's ideas about natural selection? Geological catastrophes can reform the landscape and open new niches into which species can adapt and thrive It provided another argument against the Church's explanation for the creation of Earth It explained how vast mountain ranges could form to separate populations It explained the presence of fossils for species that no longer existed An old Earth provides enough time for the gradual process of evolution to take place

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter18: Introduction To Darwinian Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3TYU: Charles Darwin proposed that evolution could be explained by the differential reproductive success...

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Charles Lyell's contribution to evolution is the idea that: O the earth is more than 6,000 years old O species evolve O natural selection is the mechanism of evolution there will always be a shortage of resources
Over long periods of time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. VWhales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses? The ancestors of these organisms experienced harmful mutations that forced them to lose these structures. Natural selection accounts for these losses by the principle of use and disuse. OIf the function of these structures has diminished over long periods of time, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits. O Natural selection cannot account for losses, but accounts only for new structures and functions.
Vhy was natural selection controversial to biologists in Darwin's time? It was a cruel and unfair principle as to why species change. B) It went against the religious beliefs of the time. There was no evidence that descent with modification during Darwin's time. He had no explanation for how advantageous traits were passed from parent to offspring.
Charles Darwin proposed that evolution could be explained by the differential reproductive success of organisms that resulted from their naturally occurring variation. Darwin called this process (a) coevolution (b) convergent evolution (c) natural selection (d) artificial selection (e) homoplasy
For some, science and religion seem to be at odds—especiallywith regard to the topic of evolution. Many evolutionary scientistshold religious beliefs. Like many religious people, these scientistsare able to reconcile their religion and their science. Others find thetwo ways of knowing to be in conflict. There is little doubt that aliterate citizen should explore the interface between science andreligion. Regarding evolution, there may be social controversy, butthere is no scientific controversy. 1) Do you think that the exploration of the interface betweenscience and religion should be a part of a science class? 2) why?
Consider Theodosius Dobzhansky’s remark, “Nothing in biologymakes sense except in the light of evolution.” Why is evolution soimportant to the field of biology? Give some specific examples of howthe theory of evolution helps us to make sense of biology.
Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are often dependenton assigning divergence in terms of changes in amino acid ornucleotide sequences. For example, a comparison of cytochromec shows 10 amino acid differences between humans and dogs,24 differences between humans and moths, and 38 differencesbetween humans and yeast. Such data provide no information asto the absolute times of divergence for humans, dogs, moths, andyeast. How might one calibrate the molecular clock to an absolutetime clock? What problems might one encounter in such acalibration?
Drag each definition in the boxes below and place it underneath the correct term that it corresponds to. Allopatric Speciation Bottleneck effect Convergent evolution the evolution of similar features in distantly related groups. genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population the formation of a new species as a result of geographical isolation
There was a series of important experiments that were meant to recreate the conditions of Earth when life originated. What were these experiments named? O Miller-Urey experiments Stern-Gerlach experiments Sagan-Newton experiments Darwin-Gould experiments Michaelson-Morley experiments OOOO0
Which of Charles Darwin’s evolutionary ideas was a speculative hypothesis about the origin of life from non-living matter when he first proposed it, and is still considered a speculative hypothesis today? his populational change hypothesis his gradualism hypothesis his natural selection hypothesis his abiogenesis hypothesis his common descent hypothesis
Why is the following observation by Darwin important to the theory of evolution? "All species can produce more offspring than their environment can support, and many of these offspring fail to survive and reproduce" Organisms have evolved to produce as many offspring as possible Many organisms die for reasons having nothing to do with their evolutionary fitness Competition for resources creates the selection that drives evolution O Over time, organisms that have larger litters will be more evolutionarily successful
. Some scientists vigorously rejected Darwin’sideas when On the Origin of Species was published. Richard Owen (1860), perhaps the mostrespected biologist in England, wrote (amongmany other objections): “Are all the recognisedorganic forms of the present date, so differentiated, so complex, so superior to conceivableprimordial simplicity of form and structure,as to testify to the effects of Natural Selectioncontinuously operating through untold time?Unquestionably not. The most numerous livingbeings … are precisely those which offer suchsimplicity of form and structure, as best agrees…with that ideal prototype from which…vegetableand animal life might have diverged.” Howmight Darwin, or you, argue against Owen’slogic?