Which of the following statements are TRUE about the process of inflammation? (Select all that apply) Inflammation can occur with only the innate immune response involved. Leukocytes or white blood cells are found everywhere in the body to carry out inflammation as needed Growth factor from non-skin cells is responsible for the formation of scar tissue in place of the damaged skin cells The increase of warmed blood to a site of injury comes from the hypothalamus Phagocytes engulf invading microbes and dead white blood cells Phagocytosis is used during inflammation to make sure there is no debris

Which of the following statements are TRUE about the process of inflammation? (Select all that apply) Inflammation can occur with only the innate immune response involved. Leukocytes or white blood cells are found everywhere in the body to carry out inflammation as needed Growth factor from non-skin cells is responsible for the formation of scar tissue in place of the damaged skin cells The increase of warmed blood to a site of injury comes from the hypothalamus Phagocytes engulf invading microbes and dead white blood cells Phagocytosis is used during inflammation to make sure there is no debris

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter12: Body Defenses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14RE

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The Complement System Kills Microorganisms The complement system supplements the inflammatory response by directly killing microorganisms. Describe the life cycle of complement proteins, from their synthesis in the liver to their activity at the site of an infection.
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about inflammation? Substances released by invading bacteria themselves are the molecules that initiate inflammation The last stage in inflammation is tissue repair Substances released from damaged body cells attract phagocytic leukocytes to the area Inflammation can be triggered by physical injury or infection Phagocytic leukocytes migrate through the walls of blood vessels into surrounding tissues
Many of the inflammatory mediators produced by tissue macrophages at sites of infection act on the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel walls. An exception to this is (are) the: Cytokines that induce increased vascular permeability Chemokines that induce directed migration of blood monocytes Cytokines that induce increased expression of adhesion molecules TNF produced by tissue-resident sensor cells Bradykinin produced that causes pain
Which of the following statements regarding inflammation is CORRECT? - The increase in temperature improves pathogen function - Increased vascular permeability helps immune cells access the site of infection quicker - Clotting increases immune cell access the site of infection - Vasodilation is not a characteristic of inflammation in any way
The immune system can be split into two major categories, the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. Compare and contrast these two systems and their response to a bacterial pathogen that entered the body through a cut in the skin. In your answer describe two ways in which the innate immune system protects against this pathogen, as well as two ways that the adaptive immune system protectS against this pathogen. Be sure to name any cells/organs/tissues/structures that may be involved in each of these processes in order to receive full marks. This can be done as a list in point form.
Which of the following statements regarding phagocytosis is INCORRECT? - Many pathogens have means of avoiding or escaping destruction by phagocytosis - Any immune cell can phagocytose pathogens - Once engulfed, the pathogen is in a special vesicle called a phagosome - Macrophages and dendritic cells are professional phagocytes - All statements are correct
Which of the following is true about the innate immune system? Check all that apply Phagocytosis is an adaptive immunity component required for elimination of microbes Innate immune cells are macrophages and dendritic cells that engulf pathogens but also present antigen to T lymphocytes Innate immunity improves with repeated infections Neutrophils are the abundant innate immune cells circulating in blood Innate immune system provides protection immediately after infection in a non-specific manner
phagocytic cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns using their: Group of answer choices phagosomes perforins pyrogens pattern-recognition receptors
What are steps in the inflammation response? Select all that apply. Signaling molecules decrease capillary permeability, decreasing the movement of phagocytes into the tissue. Mast cells release signaling molecules that increase blood flow by widening the arterioles. Phagocytes in the tissue recognize and engulf the complement-coated bacteria. Bacterial antigens trigger complement cascades that coat invading bacteria with complement. PAMP receptors on mast cells in the tissue recognize and bind to a bacterial antigen.
Pathogens produce several types of proteins that can inhibit complement activation. The importance of complement activation as an innate immune defense against infections is illustrated by: The evolution of complement avoidance strategies by many pathogens The large number of proteins involved in the complement pathway The large number of complement regulatory pathways expressed by the host The existence of three different mechanisms for initiating complement activation The ability of the membrane attack complex to lyse some pathogens
Ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes is mediated by receptors for the bound complement proteins. Even when the complement cascade fails to proceed beyond generating the C3 convertase, complement activation is effective at inducing pathogen uptake and destruction. This process of immune protection is mediated by: Activation of complement inhibitory receptors on phagocytes that promote pathogen uptake Activation of soluble proteases in the serum that disrupt pathogen membranes Engagement of complement receptors on phagocytes by C3b and its cleavage products which promotes phagocytosis Engagement of complement receptors on B cells that promotes antibody production Stimulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion by phagocytes
The classic inflammatory response (heat, swelling, redness, pain) reflects the communication of innate and adaptive defenses. Which of the following is not correct about this response? Group of answer choices Non-cytopathic viruses stimulate the inflammatory response Adjuvants stimulate inflammation and therefore a good antibody response Dendritic cells link the innate and adaptive responses Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a major inducer of inflammation Increased blood flow is one result of inflammation

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		Inflammation can occur with only the innate immune response involved.
		Leukocytes or white blood cells are found everywhere in the body to carry out inflammation as needed
		Growth factor from non-skin cells is responsible for the formation of scar tissue in place of the damaged skin cells
		The increase of warmed blood to a site of injury comes from the hypothalamus
		Phagocytes engulf invading microbes and dead white blood cells
		Phagocytosis is used during inflammation to make sure there is no debris