What is the ΔG°’ for the complete oxidation of the acetyl unit of acetyl CoA by the citric acid cycle?

Q: Indicate in which of the four processes glycolysis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and…

A: Glycogenesis is formation of glycogen from glucose.Glycogen is produced in demand of glucose and…

Q: How many molecules of ATP are obtained from the NADH and FADH2 formed in the b-oxidation of one…

A: In aerobic respiration, there are two steps mainly. 1.  Glycolysis is the first step that forms…

Q: 1. list the different organic reactions that occur in  a. glyconeogenesis b. conversion of…

A: Answer - Glyconeogenesis - Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of…

Q: Question. What is the process of glucose creation from lactate, pyruvate, and amino acids? O…

A:

Q: For every one glucose molecules, how many high energy molecules are formed in citric acid cycle?…

A: Citric acid cycle is an important metabolic pathway taking place in aerobic organism involving a…

Q: 4. Identify each of the following as reduction or oxidation (briefly explain your reasoning): (a)…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Which yields more energy upon hydrolysis, ATP or glycerol 1-phosphate? Why?

A: Hydrolysis is the process of breaking or cleavage of molecule into small molecules or components.…

Q: When pyruvate is reduced by NADH to lactate, which hydrogen in lactate comes from NADH?

A: Hydrogen in lactate comes from NADH: Two molecules of pyruvate converted by 1 glucose molecule in…

Q: Most fatty acids have an even number of carbons and, therefore, are completely metabolized to…

A: In the fatty acid metabolism, the odd number of fatty acids are metabolized to Acetyl CoA with one…

Q: Why must the NADH produced in glycolysis be re-oxidized to NAD +? How is this accomplished…

A: During strenuous exercise, the NADH formed in the glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction…

Q: Nonenzyme-bound FAD is a stronger oxidizing agent than NAD+. How, then, can NAD+ oxidize the reduced…

A: Non-enzyme bound FAD is a stronger oxidising agent than NAD+.  Consequently, FAD oxidizes NADH to…

Q: Animals cannot convert fatty acids into glucose because * A.acetyl CoA can not be converted to…

A: The building blocks of fat in the bodies and the food consumed are called fatty acids. The body…

Q: Draw the mechanism for the third reaction in glycolysis—the reaction of fructose-6-phosphate with…

A: Mechanism for the third reaction in glycolysis: In fructose-6-phospahte the lone pair of electrons…

Q: Which of the following correctly describes oxidative phosphorylation? O Electrons moved from protein…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is defined as the most systematic method used for generating high amount…

Q: Consider the fate of pyruvate labeled with 14C in each of the following positions: Carbon 1…

A: ANSWER :- The 14C is labeled as shown in figure : The citric acid cycle is given below with figure.…

Q: Consider docosanoic acid, C 21H 43CO 2H. a. Label the α and β carbons. b. Draw the acyl CoA derived…

A: Introduction: Docosanoic acid is a 22 carbon fatty acid.   Explanation: a) The carbon atoms are…

Q: Fatty acids cannot be converted into carbohydrates in the body as the following reaction is not…

A: Kindly get the answer given below.

Q: What amino acid is obtained from the reductive amination of the following metabolic intermediates in…

A: In the reductive amination, carbonyl group, C=O, present in amino acid is converted to amine group.…

Q: If you start with acetyl-CoA labeled with 14C in the methyl-carbon, where does the label end up in…

A: The label ends up in the carbon atom next to the carboxyl end of malonyl CoA. The reaction pathway…

Q: What key metabolic intermediate is formed from the catabolism of all three major classes of foods:…

A: Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that happens in living organisms, including…

Q: Which of the following applies to the oxidative catabolism of aromatic compounds such as toluene and…

A: In this question, we have to find out the correct answer of given problem by the help of the…

Q: In the conversion of a-ketoglutarate to glucose, which of the following compounds are not obligatory…

A: To find: The compounds which are not the obligatory intermediate in the conversion of…

Q: Assume that all 116.0 g of carbohydrates in the meal are glucose, C,H,,0,. How many molecules of…

A:

Q: What amino acid is obtained from the reductive amination of the following metabolic intermediates in…

A: On  reductive amination oxaloacetic acid gives L-Aspartic acid

Q: What coenzyme is required to convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde?

A: The coenzyme that is required to convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde is acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA).

Q: Number of electrons generated in the oxidation of 2 pyruvate by pyruvate deheydrogenase complex.

A: Oxidation  of 2 pyruvate by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex  is lead by Krebs cycle.

Q: Due to a lack of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which issue capable of glycogenesis cannot…

A: Due to a lack of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which tissue capable of glycogenesis cannot…

Q: How does the concentration of NADH affect the rate of the citric acid cycle? Explain in 1 sentence.

A: Isocitrate dehydrogenase is allosterically stimulated by ADP, which enhances the enzyme's affinity…

Q: 2 ATPis gained in which of the following process?

A: Formation of glucose 6-phosphate takes place by the Phosphorylation of glucose on the 6th carbon.…

Q: The of NAD to NADH usually involves a/n hydrogenation, hydratase protonation, ATPase oxidation,…

A: Addition of H+ with NAD+ to form NADH is known as reduction. Here one H+ ion along with 2 elections…

Q: How many molecules of ATP are obtained from the b-oxidation of one molecule of a 16-carbon saturated…

A: Acetyl CoA generated by the beta oxidation enters the mitochondrial TCA cycle. When it enters TCA…

Q: Draw the steps for the conversion of a-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.

A: The given conversion is the fourth step of the TCA cycle. TCA cycle is basically a series of…

Q: How many ATP molecules are produced after the complete oxidation of capric acid, via beta- oxidation…

A: The complete oxidation of a fatty acid involves activation of fatty acid, oxidation of fatty acid,…

Q: Identify whether each substance is a reactant or product of the citric acid cycle. Reactant Answer…

A:

Q: 11. In which stage of extraction of energy from food is ATP formed? a. I b. II c. II Od. IV

A: We have to tell which option is correct

Q: Most fatty acids have an even number of carbons and, therefore, are completely metabolized to…

A: In the fatty acid metabolism, the odd number of fatty acids are metabolized to Acetyl CoA with one…

Q: The oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is an endergonic reaction,…

A: The oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate proceeds in two steps: In…

Q: Are biosynthetic pathways likely to involveinvolve oxidation, like the common catabolic pathway or…

A: The process of formation of larger organic compounds from the small subunits with the living…

Q: Write a balanced equation for the conversion in the glyoxylate cycle of two acetyl units, as…

A: Equation of glyoxylate cycle exhibiting conversion of two molecules of acetyl CoA to form a molecule…

Q: 4. What is the Go for each of the four coupled reactions above? ATP + creatine creatine phosphate +…

A:

Q: Glucose 6-phosphate is in a pivotal position in metabolism. Depending on conditions, glucose…

A: Glucose is a simple, six-carbon sugar and is one of the most important organic molecules in living…

Q: Under conditions of starvation, acetyl-CoA, instead of being degraded in the citric acid cycle, is…

A: The process of conversion of acetyl CoA into acetone and 3-hydroxybutyrate during starvation s…

Q: nen one molecule of glucose undergoes glycolysis, two molecul ruvate are produced; the pyruvates…

A: As you have posted multiple questions in a single request, we will solve the first question for you.…

Q: How many molecules of ATP are obtained from the NADH and FADH2 formed in the beta-oxidation of one…

A: The conversion of fatty acyl-CoA into acetyl-CoA by 4-step pathway is known as the β-oxidation.

Q: Why are two equivalents of NADPH required to reduce hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA to mevalonic acid?

A: The reason why two equivalents of NADPH required to reduce hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA to mevalonic…

Q: What is the ΔG°′ value for the portion of the citric acid cycle that converts malate and acetyl-CoA…

A: The Citric Acid Cycle is a chain of chemical reactions which liberate energy through oxidation of…

Q: 4. Which of the following formulations will give the highest ATP yield upon complete oxidation? Show…

A: Formulation A sucrose= 24 pyruvate= 15 oxaloacetate= 14

Q: How many molecules of NADH and FADH2 are obtained from the beta-oxidation of one molecule of a…

A: Beta-oxidation: The conversion of fatty acyl-CoA into acetyl-CoA by four step pathway is known as…

Q: A series of chemical reactions convert a polypeptide into 13 acetyl CoAs. This acetyl CoA goes into…

A: Given: 13 acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle to produce NADH and FADH2 To find: How many total…

Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways allude to the arrangement of chemical catalyzed reactions that lead to the transformation of a substance into the final product. Metabolic pathways incorporate a progression of reaction where the substrate is changed continuously and the transitional metabolites are persistently recovered.

Glucogenesis

Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is produced from carbon substrates that are not carbohydrates. This process is observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. The general  definition for glucogenesis or gluconeogenesis is as follows,