Water flowing in a horizontal 30-cm-diameter pipe at 5 m/s and 300 kPa gage enters a 90° bend reducing section, which connects to a 15-cm- diameter vertical pipe. The center of the inlet is 50 cm above the exit. Neglecting any frictional and gravitational effects, determine the resultant forces (ΣF, and ΣF) exerted on the pipe by the water. Take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m³.
Fluid Pressure
The term fluid pressure is coined as, the measurement of the force per unit area of a given surface of a closed container. It is a branch of physics that helps to study the properties of fluid under various conditions of force.
Gauge Pressure
Pressure is the physical force acting per unit area on a body; the applied force is perpendicular to the surface of the object per unit area. The air around us at sea level exerts a pressure (atmospheric pressure) of about 14.7 psi but this doesn’t seem to bother anyone as the bodily fluids are constantly pushing outwards with the same force but if one swims down into the ocean a few feet below the surface one can notice the difference, there is increased pressure on the eardrum, this is due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure.
Answer without using the momentum flux
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