Two coins are tossed : (a) if A, is the event that the first coin is a tail and A, is the event that the second coin is a tail and A, is the event that the second coin is a head are A, and A, mutually exclusive ? Obtain P(A, U A,) and P(A, n A,), (b) if further the event A, is that both the coins are heads and A, is that both the coins are tails are A, and A, mutually exclusive ? Are they exhaustive? Obtain P(A, A,).
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- You and a coworker are assigned a team project on which your likelihood or a promotion will be decidedon. It is now the night before the project is due and neither has yet to start it. You both want toreceive a promotion next year, but you both also want to go to your company’s holiday party that night.Each of you wants to maximize his or her own happiness (likelihood of a promotion and mingling withyour colleagues “on the company’s dime”). If you both work, you deliver an outstanding presentation.If you both go to the party, your presentation is mediocre. If one parties and the other works, yourpresentation is above average. Partying increases happiness by 25 units. Working on the project addszero units to happiness. Happiness is also affected by your chance of a promotion, which is depends on howgood your project is. An outstanding presentation gives 40 units of happiness to each of you; an aboveaverage presentation gives 30 units of happiness; a mediocre presentation gives 10 units…0 E F 3 2 FIGURE 2 23 D G 2 H 0 1 (2) Two friends, Albert (A) and Berta (B), have to decide on going to one of three bars, Xenia's (X), Yara's (Y), or Zana's (Z). They decide to select a bar by alternatively vetoing bars until one remains. First Albert vetoes a bar. If at least two bars remain, then Berta vetoes another bar. That process continues until a single bar remains unvetoed. Suppose Albert prefers Xenia's to Yara's to Zana's and Berta prefers Zana's to Yara's to Xenia's. Assume that, for each of the two, going to their most preferred bar gives a utility of 2, going to their next preferred bar gives a utility of 1, and going to their least preferred bar gives a utility of 0. Model this as an extensive form game and find its Nash equilibria. Which of the Nash equilibria are subgame perfect?** Please be advsed that this is practice only from previous yeasr *** Answers: (a) There are no Nash equilibria.(b) There are two pure strategy Nash equilibra, one with (H,H) and another with (L,L), and no mixed strategy Nash equilibria.(c) There are two pure strategy Nash equilibra, one with (H,H) and another with (L,L), and one mixed strategy Nash equilibria with p = 1/2 and q = 1/2.(d) There are two pure strategy Nash equilibra, one with (H,H) and another with (L,L), and one mixed strategy Nash equilibria with p = 1/2 and q = 3/4.(e) There are two pure strategy Nash equilibra, one with (H,H) and another with (L,L), and one mixed strategy Nash equilibria with p = 3/4 and q = 1/2.
- There are 2 players. They take Ston eS From the Pilt of 6 Stones. Player 1 can takt only 2 or 3 Stones. piayer 2 can taKeS only 2 or 4 StonesS. P layers take turns, observe dil Previous moves, and player 1 mover first. A pla yer loses if She can not make a legal move, While another player ir declared the Winner. Let the pay oF OF Winning egval to 1 and the payoFF OF losing equal to 0. a) represent the in ɛxtemsive Form (depict Only legalmoes) b) Find all SPNE OF this game& explain your a mwwer. Who Will Win ? game Only legalmar)Suppose that the buyers do not know the quality of any particular bicycle for sale, but the sellers do knowthe quality of the bike they sell. The price at which a bike is traded is determined by demand and supply.Each buyer wants at most one bicycle.(ii) Assuming that each buyer purchases a bike only if its expected quality is higher than the price,and each seller is willing to sell their bike only if the price exceeds their valuation, what is theequilibrium outcome in this market?Using backward induction, solve the Vote Payoffs Game for Two Candidates. A challenger runs against an incumbent in a political party nomination. Each candidate can choose to either follow the party platform or deviate from the party platform. The incumbent chooses first. o If they both "follow" or both "deviate", the incumbent wins. Otherwise, the challenger wins. o The payoff for winning is 10. o A candidate that "deviates" gets a deduction of 5 in payoff. Draw the extensive form and solve by backward induction.
- 1. Consider two workers 1 and 2 who simultaneously must choose between working on two projects, labelled A and B. The payoffs are as follows. If both 1 and 2 choose project A each worker gets 0. Similarly, if both workers choose B each gets 0. If worker 1 chooses B and worker 2 chooses A, each gets 10 and 3 (for worker 1 and 2) respectively. Finally, if 1 opts for A and worker 2 opts for B the payoffs to worker 1 and 2 are 8 and 7, respectively. a. What are the Nash equilibria of the game? Is this game a realistic one for an organisation? Explain your answer. What might an organisation do if it found itself in a situation similar to the one represented by this game.. If you examine the decision tree in Figure 9.12 (orany other decision trees from PrecisionTree), you willsee two numbers (in blue font) to the right of each endnode. The bottom number is the combined monetaryvalue from following the corresponding path throughthe tree. The top number is the probability that thispath will be followed, given that the best strategy isused. With this in mind, explain (1) how the positiveprobabilities following the end nodes are calculated,(2) why some of the probabilities following the endnodes are 0, and (3) why the sum of the probabilitiesfollowing the end nodes is necessarily 1.According to the Intern al Revenue Service, the mean tax refund for the year 2014 was $2800 Assu me the stan dard devlation I6 $450 an d that the amounts 1etunded follow a normal probability distribution. a. What percont of the refunde aro more th an $3,100? (Round the Intermediate velues to 2 decimal places. Round your answer to 2 decimal places) Percert 0.25 % b. What percent of the refun ds are more th an $3,100 but less th an $3.500? (Round the intermediete values to 2 dec imal places Round your ans wer to 2 decimal places) Peroert c. What percent of the retun ds are more th an $2,250 but less than $3.500? (Round the inter mediate val ues to 2 decimal places Round your answer to 2 decimal places) Peroart
- 4 Problem: Ticket Exchange Each of two players draw a lottery ticket with a random prize written on it. You can assume that prizes a uniformly drawn from an interval between 0 and 100 (can you solve it without uniform assumption?). Both player simultaneously decide whether to keep the prize or exchange the ticket with another player. If both decide to exchange, then the tickets are swapped and each player collects a prize from the newly acquired ticket. Find the BNE of the game. Hint: consider cut-off strategies, i.e. that prizes above some x are kept, and below z are offered for exchange.2. Consider the following Bayesian game with two players. Both players move simultaneously and player 1 can choose either H or L, while player 2's options are G, M, and D. With probability 1/2 the payoffs are given by "Game 1" : GMD H 1,2 1,0 1,3 L 2,4 0,0 0,5 and with probability 1/2 the payoffs are according to "Game 2" : G |M|D H 1,2 1,3 1,0 L 2,4 0,5 0,0 (a) Find the Nash Equilibria when neither player knows which game is actually played. (b) Assume now that player 2 knows which one among the two games is actually being played. Check that the game has a unique Bayesian Nash Equilibrium.For the following questions consider this setting. The deciding shot in a soccer game comes down to a penalty shot. If the goal-keeper jumps in one corner and the striker shots the ball in the other, then it is a goal. If the goalie jumps left and the striker shoots left, then it is a goal with probability 1/3. If the goalie jumps right and the striker shots right, it is goal with probability 2/3. QUESTION Say the goalie's strategy is to jump left with probability 1 and the striker shoots left with probability 0.5, then the probability of a goal is (round to two digits) QUESTION If the striker shoots in either corner with probability 0.5 and the goalie likewise shoots in either corner with probability 0.5, then the probability of a goal is (round to 2 digits)