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Structure and Composition of Cell Membrane
Despite differences in structure and function, all living cells in multicellular organisms are surrounded by a cell membrane. Just like the outer layer of the skin separates the body from its environment similarly, the cell membrane, also known as 'plasma membrane,' separates the inner content from its exterior environment.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is known by different names like plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, or biological membrane. The term "cell membrane" was first introduced by C. Nageli and C. Cramer in the year 1855. Later on, in 1931, the term "plasmalemma" for cell membrane was given by J. Plowe. The cell membrane separates the cell's internal environment from the extracellular space. This separation allows the protection of cells from their environment.
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
The cell is defined as the basic structural and functional unit of life. The cell membrane bounds it. It is capable of independent existence.
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- Identify all correct statements below re. the D614G mutant of SARS-CoV-2: The D614G mutant SARS-CoV-2 has markedly higher binding affinity for the ACE2 receptors than the original virus. The D614G mutant of SARS-CoV-2 transmits more efficiently in human populations than the original virus. The D614G mutant of SARS-CoV-2 replicates to higher titer than the original virus in cell lines and in human primary lung cell culture. When the original and the D614G mutant of SARS-CoV-2 are mixed to co-infect a group of a single-species of animals that is susceptible to infection, the original virus outperforms the D614G mutant. When the original and the D614G mutant of SARS-CoV-2 are mixed to co-infect a group of a single-species of animals that is susceptible to infection, the original virus underperforms the D614G mutant.A 42 year old man developed a “flu-like” syndrome with fever, sore throat, headache, and myalgia. Viral culture was ordered for laboratory confirmation of influenza. Which of the following would be the best specimen for isolating virus responsible for the infection? A- Blood B- Nasopharyngeal washing C- Stool D- Saliva E- Vesicle fluidA. A Aa A 三,三,行,E AaBbCcDdE Aa AaBbCcDdF AaBbCcDdF AaBbCcDd A Normal No Spacing Heading 1 Heading 2 =y updates, fixes, and improvements, choose Check for Updates. 1. You have found a putative virus which is able to infect a bacterium causing increased mortality and resistance to all antibacterial agents. You have systematically purified the sample but have an unknown concentration of viruses. You perform the following serial dilutions. 0.5ml 1ml 5ml 0.1ml 2.5ml 1ml 15ml 1 3 6 7 Phage Buffer 100.5ml 9ml 14.5ml 99.9ml 25ml 5ml 985ml Tube Dilution in each Test Tube (Show Tube Dilution in each Test Tube (Show your your work) # # work) 4 1 6. O Focus glish (United States) W 30 DII DD 000 000 F4 80 F7 F8 F9 F10 F3 F5 F6 $4 & 4 5 6 8.
- A student completed a plate and liquid lysate followed by a plaque assay. The volume harvested for the plate lysate was 5.5mL and had a titre of 1.8x10^10 PFU/mL. The volume harvested for the liquid lysate was 9.5mL and had a titre of 1.1x10^10 PFU/mL. Which of these lysates had the highest viral yield? Liquid lysate had the highest yield Plate lysate had the highest yield They both have the same yieldNames: The world is in a state of pandemic crisis due to the emergence of a new pathogen – SARS CoV2. Conduct outside reading in peer-reviewed journals or national sites such as CDC and integrate this information with material from class. 1. What is the distinction between SARS-COV2 and Covid-19? 2. Compare the molecular nature and size of the SARS-COV2 and HIV genomes and the contents and structure of their virions. 3. What interaction does the HIV virus use to enter cells versus the SARS CoV-2 virus? 4. How can a monoclonal antibody (Regeneron) be used therapeutically? What patient's may benefit from it? 5. What drug designed to treat Ebola is now in clinical trials for Covid-19? How does it work? 6. Explain three different types of ELISA tests. Describe how you could use one of them to detect SARS. 7. Why would ELISA or PCR be a better diagnostic test for Covid-19? 8. What are the limitations in using ELISA and PCR for Covid-19 diagnosis? 9. You are working on a research project…Using PEN and PAPER ONLY, illustrate a SARS-CoV-2 virion. Label the ssRNA and the 4 structuralproteins. Indicate (write) the structural protein that has significant gene mutations in the Omicronvariant and that make the virus more contagious.
- 5 1 point What are the units used to measure the concentration of phage in a lysate? plaques/uL Oplaques/mL plaque forming units/mL plaque forming units/uL PreviousThe Ro of Ebola has been estimated to be somewhere between 1.5 and 2. See graphic below. The number of people that one sick person will infect (on average) is called R₂. Here are the maximum R, values for a few viruses. more contagious R₂- Hepatitis C (2) Ebola (2) HIV (4) SARS (4) Mumps (10) Measles (18) **** What percentage of the population would have to be vaccinated to stop the spread of Ebola if it were to be introduced to a new continent? a. 33-50% O b. >99% C. 75-99% d. 66-75% e. <33%You have a petri dish containing 1 x 106 adherent cells. You have a vial ofpoliovirus with a concentration of 2.8 x 107 pfu/ml. How much volume of the stockvirus should you add for an MOI of 1.0? MOI means: multiplicity of infection
- Using PEN and PAPER ONLY, illustrate a SARS-CoV-2 virion. Label the ssRNA and the 4 structuralproteins. Indicate (write) the structural protein that has significant gene mutations in the Omicronvariant and that make the virus more contagious. Please draw it and label.Indicate whether the following sentences is either True or False and CORRECT the wrong sentences ( please answer the two questions 1 and 2) : 1. Simian Virus 40 (SV40) is an example of is a circular ssDNA belong to Polyomavirus, was first isolated from primary cell cultures derived from rhesus monkey kidneys, and activates p53. 2. SARS-COV-2 is an enveloped, icosahedral virus that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer and causes COVID-19 pandemic .MATCHING TYPE- Match COLUMN A with COLUMN B COLUMN A I. COLUMN B ANSWER 1. PCV A. A. Immediately after birth 2. IPV B. 6 months of age 3. Hepatitis B C. 15 months of age 4. Varicella D. 2 months of age 5. Rotavirus vaccine E..1 year old 6. DTAP F. None of the Choices I. IDENTIFICATION (* Identify the following terms/words described in each number 1. happens when a baby's brain and other organs do not get enough oxygen before, during or after childbirth. 2. Recommended Sodium Intake per day by CDC 3. According to WHO, it is the main cause of Pneumonia in children 4. Deaths that occur between 28 days and 365 days after birth 5. It is a soft fat like substance that is necessary to build cell membrane. 6. According to CDC, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is the death of an infant younger than 1 year of age that cannot be explained after a thorough investigation is conducted, including a 6 7 and 8. 9. during pregnancy causes genital and urinary tract malformations in the baby (drugs)