Six independent phylogenetic trees show that the same character evolved in the ancestor of a monophyletic group containing 12 species. How many times did that character evolve? More information is needed to answer this question six times 12 times once
Q: Ch. 8: Which of the following infections is NOT generally considered to be a sexually transmitted…
A: Introduction : The term "sexually transmitted diseases" refers to all diseases that spread through…
Q: Ch. 7: Observing Potter facies in a newborn could be a sign of: a) Wilms tumor b) polycystic kidney…
A: Introduction: As a result of oligohydramnios while in the uterus, babies can have an unusual…
Q: Which of the following statements regarding retroviruses is FALSE? A) a cellular enzyme converts…
A: Normally virus can have genetic material as either RNA or DNA. Retrovirus is a type of virus which…
Q: What evidence would best support the hypothesis that arsenic is an essential element for a newly…
A: The periodic table's fourth period and fifteenth group both include the chemical element arsenic.…
Q: Which of the following bio molecules can form beta sheets select all that apply rna lipids…
A: Extended amphipathic sheets are created when many strands self-assemble and are maintained by…
Q: Ch. 8: Which of the following is NOT a benign condition of the reproductive system a) mastitis b)…
A: Among the given options, the correct answer can be identified as follows- C) Uterine cancer Here,…
Q: Of the items listed, which is NOT a necessary life function? carbon dioxide maintaining boundaries…
A: Introduction Organisms need or must maintain a set of necessary life functions in order for them to…
Q: apply the knowledge of the structure and function of the eye and the ear to understand the sensory…
A: The specialised organs known as sensory organs, which are made up of sensory neurons, enable us to…
Q: What is the environmental change that is happening in Bournemouth. What kind of change in weather is…
A: The increase in human-caused carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere…
Q: Which of the following amino acid or types of amino acids are are rarely found in beta sheets? a.…
A: Amino acids are organic molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, and a side…
Q: steps first to last. Note that all or only a some steps may be used. to of copy double-stranded DNA.…
A: Copy of a double-stranded DNA molecule is known as replication Where DNA polymerase adds the…
Q: Explain the use of Serum Protein Electrophoresis in the diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma
A: Multiple myeloma is cancer that is incurable yet treatable. Steroids, chemotherapy, proteasome…
Q: a salt water protist is placed in fresh water. Which of the following events would most likely…
A: A saltwater protist is placed into freshwater. Since the protist has a higher salt concentration…
Q: summarize briefly clinical homeostatic imbalance , disoreders of ANS?
A: Introduction A stable, relatively constant internal environment is maintained by the tendency of the…
Q: Ch. 6: Patients most susceptible to dehydration would be: a) infants b) the elderly c) patients with…
A: Infants and children are more prone to develop severe diarrhea and vomiting, making them…
Q: Jyan is 4 months pregnant and requires an IV infusion of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate at a rate of…
A: Magnisium Sulphate: Magnesium sulphate, also known as magnesium sulphate (in English-speaking…
Q: Ch. 8: Which of the following is UNLIKELY to improve the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome? a)…
A: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a collection of physical and emotional symptoms that occur in the…
Q: Ch. 5: Which of the following is FALSE about tuberculosis? a) it is caused by a bacterial infection…
A: Introduction A contagious infectious bacterial disease having its main target area as the lungs. The…
Q: pyramid. Explain this phenomenon. (c) An ecologist is doing an in-depth study of a tundra ecosystem.…
A: Given, Producer biomass per square meter is. = 3.5 kg/m2.
Q: Plant hormones
A: Introduction: Plants need a lot of natural support for their existence and growth, including water,…
Q: Neuroglial cells in the peripheral nervous system composed of myelin that are wound tightly around…
A: Myelin is a white, fatty substance that forms a protective layer around nerve fibres in the brain…
Q: Some non-plant organisms like the protist that spreads malaria contain a non-photosynthetic…
A: Apicoplasts is a vestigial non photosynthetic plastid found in parasites under phylum…
Q: Briefly describe the events leading to the synthesis of viral proteins. Begin with the genome;…
A: It has been proposed that RNA was the earliest genetic material in primitive living forms. The DNA…
Q: 4. The tension introduced into DNA by DNA helicase is relieved by: A. DNA polymerase B.…
A: Dear student, Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the…
Q: Can you please explain the difference between resource partitioning and resource segregation
A: To prevent competition in an ecological niche, the species distribute scarce resources among…
Q: During sarcomere contraction, Select one: Oa. Calcium, troponin Ob. Calcium, microfilaments O c.…
A: The answer is option A- calcium, troponin
Q: List two preparations shown every month by the uterus in anticipation of pregnancy in humans.
A: The systems in a woman's body that are connected to the development of an ovum for fertilisation…
Q: Introduce imaging methods to visualise healthy and diseased cells and tissues
A: Nov invasive imaging of internal organs is termed biomedical imaging. It allows examination ad…
Q: Matching: (23-27) Match the specialized cell/organ to its function: 23 Colloblast 24. Choanocyte 25…
A: Sponges belong to phylum Porifera, which means pore bearing species. They can not move as they are…
Q: which of the following is a result of colonization by mutualistic and commensal microbes? (multiple…
A: The Human body is the host of millions of microorganisms, most of which are beneficial and if…
Q: 4.3. Calculate the carbon dioxide volume expired during one hour by person performing the physical…
A: ANSWER) Volume of air expired in one expiration is 500mL. Number of breaths in one minute in normal…
Q: Contraction of sarcomeres is dependent upon the motor protein attached to and moving along
A: The germ layer, mesoderm, is the source of soft tissue called muscles. Connective tissue is…
Q: What is/are the characteristics of an ideal microscope?
A: Microscopes are instruments that help in getting a magnified image of an object. They are used to…
Q: Match enzyme name to (substrate, product) pair. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase beta-Ketothiolase…
A: Mostly the enzymes belong to beta oxidation category of fatty acids. It occurs in three stages and…
Q: Certain types of pathogens are unable to infect humans due to ________. A) a reduction in human T…
A: Pathogens are living organisms that cause diseases. Different pathogens cause infections in…
Q: Which one is wrong for carbohydrate absorption from intestine? A) Glucose can be absorbed into the…
A: Active transport occurs across the microvillus membrane of the small intestine to absorb…
Q: Ch. 6: Respiratory alkalosis can develop from: a) hyperventilation b) prolonged use of antacids c)…
A: Respiratory system is a type of body system which is involved in removal of carbon dioxide and entry…
Q: verall process that is called the Calvin-Benson cycle or the dark reactions of photosynthesis is own…
A: This is Calvin cycle which is the light independent reaction and the second reaction of…
Q: Which of the following statements regarding transduction is FALSE? A) transduction reduces genetic…
A: A virus moves its genetic information from one bacterium to another through a process called…
Q: Metabolism refers to chemical reactions such as photosynthesis. the process of reproduction. the…
A: There are various characteristics of living organism like, they show reproduction,…
Q: 25. A positive bile esculin test results in the formation of a sisbol beau eins a. Black; Group D…
A: Only when more than half of the medium is dark brown or black following incubation is the test…
Q: Ch. 7: Inflammation of one or both kidneys, due to infection, is calle 4 a) pyelonephritis b)…
A: Every vertebrate has a pair of kidneys, which have the form of beans. In addition to keeping…
Q: provide important neurotransmitters release during this ANS? summarize only
A: Two important neurotransmitters release during autonomic nervous system are--------- 1.…
Q: What is the sequence of the protein that would be translated from the following mRNA molecule? Use…
A: Translation is the process in which cell make proteins by using genetic information carried in mRNA.…
Q: A person has blood type AB negative. Which of the blood types on this list can he receive? O…
A: Blood groups are named according to the antigens present in it. There are mainly two antigens…
Q: Ch. 8: Which of the following is FALSE about erectile dysfunction (ED)? a) it may be affected by…
A: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a medical condition in which a man is unable to achieve or maintain an…
Q: A nickel containing transmembrane protein ____
A: There are a few important points : Membrane proteins are responsible for most of the dynamic…
Q: Active transport of a substanceacross a membrane requires A A gradient B the expenditure of ATP…
A: Introduction Movements of ions and molecules in and across the cell membrane are regulated by a set…
Q: Which of the following terms regarding the Calvin cycle are mismatched? a.) rubisco and ATP…
A: The Calvin cycle is a series of redox reactions that don't require light and take place during…
Q: Investigators interested in understanding the relationship between mammography and breast…
A: Research design is a way of planning that instructs how the research will be going to conduct. Based…
Please do explain.
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- The phylogenetic tree to the right showsthe evolutionary relationships of taxa A –H. The shapes represent character statetrait changes. A. Which traits (shapes) would individualsin taxa D have? Draw the collection oftraits. B. Is the triangle a synapomorphy orpleisomorphy (circle one)? C. Is the circle a synapomorphy orsympleisomorphy (circle one)?a. Phylogenetic relationships based on chloroplast genes Brown algae Diatoms Most photosynthetic dinoflagellates Cryptophyte algae Red algae Red algae Green algae Euglenids Green algae Chlorarachniophyte algae Green algae Green algae Green algae Green algae Land plants Glaucocystophytes Cyanobacteria b. Phylogenetic relationships based on nuclear genes Opisthokonts Amoebozoans Glaucocystophytes Red algae Green algae (including land plants) Cryptophyte algae 140000 Diatoms Brown algae Dinoflagellates Chlorarachniophyte algae Chloroplast genes relate brown algae, diatoms, most dinoflagellates, and cryptophyte algae to red algae, which is different from the relationships based on nuclear genes shown in part b. -Excavates Chloroplast genes relate euglenids and chlorarachniophyte algae to green algae, which is different from the relationships based on nuclear genes shown in part b. Chloroplasts form a monophyletic group nested within cyanobacteria, providing strong evidence for the…To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the principles of parsimony to molecular sequence data, one would: a. start by making assumptions about variations in the rates atwhich different DNA segments evolve. b. group together organisms that share the largest number ofancestral sequences. c. group together organisms that share derived sequences, matching the groups to those defined by morphologicalcharacters. d. group together organisms that share derived sequences, minimizing the number of hypothesized evolutionarychanges. e. identify derived sequences by studying the embryology of theorganisms.
- Know Thy Line! 1. ANIMAL PHYLOGENETIC TRREE. DIRECTIONS: Read the sentences carefully. Complete the sentence with the correct word from the box. Use the Animal Phylogenetic Tree (Figure 1) below as your reference. branch point polytomy phylogeny root rooted sister taxon taxon unrooted ANIMAL PHYLOGENETIC TREE (3) mammals (1). Created in BioRender.com bio Figure 1 Animal Phylogenetic Tree avians squamates lungfish ray-finned fishImagine that you have the DNA sequences fromthe intron of a gene in three species called A, B,and C. Species A and B are most closely related,while C is more distantly related. The sequencesof A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differby 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 basepairs. Fossils show that species A and B divergedabout 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence asto when the most recent common ancestor ofall three species lived. Use the genetic data toestimate that date. What assumptions are youmaking to get this estimate?10. Taxonomy versus Phylogenetics For novice biologists, taxonomy and phylogenetics are difficult concepts to understand and keep separate. This confusion is made worse because modern taxonomic methods make use of molecular tools. Write an essay that contrasts taxonomy to phylogenetics and explain how both disciplines are important to our understanding of species and evolution. Your essay should include a description of taxonomy and phylogenetics, as well as a detailed explanation about how information is represented in a phylogenetic tree or a cladogram. It may help you to frame your argument if you start by constructing a paragraph for yourself that says: "Before reading my paper, my reader will think X. After reading my paper, my reader will think y."
- 1. You will notice that some lineages (e.g. the descendants of species 56) branched many times and are represented by many living species. Discuss the ecological conditions that you think might result in the rapid diversification of some lineages (A real world example would be the diversi- fication of the mammals at the beginning of the Cenozoic, right after the dinosaurs went extinct.)n 12 12 of 25 Scientific evidence documents the pattern of evolution. The evidence exists in a variety of categories, including direct observation of evolutionary change, the fossil record, homology, and biogeography. Sort the following examples into the correct categories. Drag each phrase to the appropriate bin. > View Available Hint(s) Reset Help same genetic code in fireflies and tobacco plants similarities in mammalian forelimbs development of drug resistance in bacteria discovery of transitional forms of horses similarity of endemic island species to nearby mainland species vestigial pelvis in right whales discovery of shells of extinct species the high concentration of marsupial species in Australia biogeography direct observation of evolutionary change fossil record homology P Pearson 12:06 PM EX home um ik T Y U home enter 4. B shift end alt ctrl 144What is the purpose of using an outgroup when reconstructing a phylogenetic tree? [at least mention 4 points]
- 1. Contrast homology and analogy. Give an example of homoplasy. 2. Discuss adaptation and preadaptation. 3. Compare and contrast divergent, convergent, parallel, and organic evolution. 4. What is a vestigial structure? A rudimentary structure? 5. Describe heterochrony – specifically paedogenesis, neoteny, and paedomorphosis.3. Which of the following phylogenies is different from the other three? B DECGA F a F F d B' FAG CEDB One additional concept that will likely be unfamiliar to many of you is that of crown vs. stem groups. As their names imply, crown groups are clustered toward the tips of a phylogeny, while stem groups are clustered toward the bottom of a phylogeny. This is a general pattern and not a fixed and precise rule, however, as both extinct and extant groups can be part of the "crown" group. The deciding factor that determines the delineations of a crown vs. stem group is whether the synapomorphies that define the group under examination are present. For example, you could have a whole cluster of mammals, some of which are extinct, but all of which show all of the characteristics currently used to define mammals. In this case, any extinct groups that show all mammalian features would be classed as crown mammals. In contrast, any extinct groups that branch off on the way to mammals, but did…23 . When constructing a cladogram, which of the following is considered most useful for determining evolutionary relationships? Group of answer choices shared derived characters vestigial structures homoplastic characters morphological similarities shared ancestral characters
