MSB, MSC 80 72 MSC 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 0 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Quantity of odor emissions (thousands of odor units) 10 c. What is the market-determined quantity of odor? 8,000 odor units 4,000 odor units MPC MSB 3,000 odor units 5,000 odor units d. What is the social gain from reducing the market determined quantity of odor by one odor unit? $0 $36 $24 $48
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- What is air pollutionHow market equilibrium is found with Pollution Abatement Subsidy? Also draw graph and interpret it.Marginal Benefit (MB) MBBETA to Firm MBALPHA Tax = $100 25 50 75 100 Emissions (tons) Figure 16.5 Figure 16.5 shows the marginal benefits of emitting pollution for the only two chemical companies in an industry, Alpha Chemicals and Beta Chemicals. Before any tax on pollution emissions is imposed, each company views pollution as being free. Refer to Figure 16.5. The government decides to impose a tax on pollution of $100 per ton of emissions. Which of the follow are true? (Select all that are true) O a. As a result of the tax, the total emissions will decrease by 50 units O b. As a result of the tax, both firms will decrease emissions by the same amount O c. As a result of the tax, Alpha will cut more emissions than Beta O d. Before the tax, Beta produced more emissions than Alpha O e. The amount of tax collected is $2500 O f. After the tax, Beta will produce 50 tons more than Alpha Og. The tax was intended to decrease production by 50 units for each firm. O h. As a result of the tax,…
- 3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantityof consumption Consider the market for steel. Suppose that a steel manufacturing plant dumps toxic waste into' a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the plant. Producing an additional ton of steel imposes a constant external cost of $385 per ton. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for steel. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $385 per ton. 1100 990 Social Cost 880 770 Supply (Private Cost) 660 550 440 330 220 Demand 110 (Private Value) 1 2 14 6. 7 QUANTITY (Tons of steel). PRICE (Dollars per ton of steel)How expensive public transport is impact on people with low salary ? Graph it.1. What are the three possible results (or findings) from the use of control charts?
- 17-4 Outline government policies designed to promote the produc- tion and consumption of goods that generate positive externalities9. (Positive Externalities) The value of a home depends in part on how attractive other homes and yards in the neighborhood are. How do local zoning ordinances try to promote land uses that generate external benefits for neighbors?BND11.1 Why Do Externalities Cause Deadweight Loss?Table: Coal Mine Pollution Quantity ofPollution(tons) MarginalSocialBenefit MarginalSocialCost 0 $800 $0 1 $700 $100 2 $600 $200 3 $500 $300 4 $400 $400 5 $300 $500 6 $200 $600 7 $100 $700 8 $0 $800 Reference: Ref 16-2 Table: Coal Mine Pollution (Table: Coal Mine Pollution) Use Table: Coal Mine Pollution. The table shows the marginal social benefit and cost of various amounts of pollution from a coal mine. At the efficient quantity of pollution, the marginal social benefit of pollution is: Select one: a. $400. b. $300. c. $100. d. $200.
- Describe 5 five negative externalities arising from the consumption and disposal of plastic bottlesThis graph represents the tobacco industry. IPrice 16 14 Social Cost 12 10 Private Cost 8 6 4 Demand 200 500 650 Quantity a) Without any government intervention, what is the market determined price and quantity? b) What is the price of the externality? c) What is the socially optimal price and quantity? d) What should the government do (impose a tax or provide a subsidy) to internalize this externality? What is the amount of the the corrective tax/subsidy needed to be to move the outcome from the market equilibrium to the socially-optimal outcome?PRICE (Dollars perton) 90 81 72 63 54 45 30 27 18 9 0 0 + I 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 QUANTITY (Millions of tons) 20 40 Demand Graph Input Tool Daily Demand for Pollution Rights Price (Dollars per ton) Quantity Demanded (Millions of tons) 9 180 Suppose the government has determined that the socially optimal quantity of chemical pollution is 140 million tons per day. Corrective taxes Tradable permits One way governments can charge firms for pollution rights is by imposing a per-unit tax on emissions. A tax (or price in this case) of S of chemicals emitted will achieve the desired level of pollution. (?) Now suppose the U.S. government does not know the demand curve for pollution and, therefore, cannot determine the optimal tax to achieve the desired level of pollution. Instead, it auctions off tradable pollution permits. Each permit entitles its owner to emit one ton of chemicals per day. To achieve the socially optimal quantity of pollution, the government auctions off 140…
