In a survey of 1,150 women who gave birth in China in 2000, a total of 500 reported that they took multivitamin during the month before becoming pregnant. Calculate the prevalence (expressed in percentage) of in this group of multivitamin takers
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In a survey of 1,150 women who gave birth in China in 2000, a total of 500 reported that they took multivitamin during the month before becoming pregnant. Calculate the prevalence (expressed in percentage) of in this group of multivitamin takers.
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- Data:Total Births: 2,700 Low Birth Weight: 264Mothers with inter-gestational interval < 12 months: 92Mothers with low birth weight with inter-gestational interval < 12 months: 21Mothers with previous HTN: 18Mothers with low birth weight with previous HT: 15 A) Global or absolute risk of low birth weight.B) Relative risk for the factor "inter-gestational interval < 12 months". According to the results obtained, give your opinion as to whether there is an association or not and express it accordingly.C) Relative risk for the factor "mothers with previous HTN". According to the results obtained, give your opinion as to whether or not there is an association and express it accordingly.D) In the case of the factors in which you consider, according to the results obtained, that there is an association, calculate the Attributable Risk (AR) and the Etiological Risk Fraction (ERF), expressing in both cases their significance.“The overall absolute increase in breast cancers diagnosed among current and recent users of any hormonal contraceptives was 13 (95% CI, 10 to 16) per 100,000 person-years, or approximately 1 extra breast cancer for every 7690 women using hormonal contraception for 1 year”. What is the term used in epidemiology which describes this sentence? Please calculate this number and comment on its magnitude.A cohort study looks at the relationship between estrogen use and the risk of breast cancer. A total of 4555 estrogen users and 4495 nonusers are enrolled in the study and followed up for 15 years for the development of breast cancer. In the estrogen-using group, 212 women developed breast cancer, and in the non-using group 298 women developed breast cancer. 9. What is the computed relative risk for breast cancer developed among estrogen users?A. 0.591 B. 0.613 C. 0.702 D. 0.833 Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or byany means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictlyprohibited. 210. What is the most appropriate scale of measurement to be used based on the given problem set?A. Risk ratioB. Odds ratioC. Absolute riskD. Cumulative incidence11. How many…
- A case-control study was conducted to examine the risk factors for HPV infection among OB/GYN clinic patients. The researcher hypothesized that women with HPV cases will report a greater number of multiple sexual partners compared to controls. The existing literature indicates that cases (women with HPV infection) without delay tend to recall and report accurate information about their sexual partners. On the other hand, recall and report of accurate information about multiple sexual partners among controls may not be as clear. (1) Define the direction and the type of biases in the following examples. Choose only one answer for each question. This is study is liable to the following bias: a) Confounding b) Selection Bias c) Information Bias (2) The relationship between HPV infection and the number of sexual partners is likely to be:a) Can go either direction b) Under-estimated c) Over-stimated (3) The following are examples of bias except: a) Confounding…A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between physical activity and coronary heart disease (CHD) in men. A total of 406 men newly diagnosed with CHD were included together with 406 men of similar ages who did not have CHD. The risk of CHD (measured by the OR) was higher among men who were inactive or only moderately active (collectively called ‘inactive’) than among those who were physically active: (See attached image) Odds ratio for inactive men compared to active men= (299 x 136)/(270 x 107)=1.41Suppose there is no misclassification in these data.What would the observed OR have been... 1. If 20% of all the inactive men had been misclassified as active? 2. If 10 % of inactive cases had been misclassified as active?Calculate the age standardized IHD mortality rate using the Standard population. Show all calculations. (See attached image)
- You conduct a case-control study in Portland pediatric clinics to evaluate the relationship between the exposure of exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first 6 months of life, and the outcome of no ear infections during the first year of life. The exposure is “exclusive breastfeeding” (as opposed to mixed feeding or formula feeding. The outcome of interest is “no ear infections during the first year of life” (as opposed to having at least one ear infection). Your study produces an OR of 0.3, relating exposure and outcome. Assuming that the 95% Confidence Interval indicates your result is statistically significant, the interpretation for the OR in your study is: A. The odds of exclusive breastfeeding among children with no ear infections during the first year of life is 0.3 times that of those with at least one ear infection during the first year of life. B.The odds of no ear infections during the first year of life among exclusively breastfed children is 0.3 times the odds…Davies-Tuck, M.L., Wallace, E.M., Davey, MA. et al. Planned private homebirth in Victoria 2000–2015: a retrospective cohort study of Victorian perinatal data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 18, 357 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1996-6 What is the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this studyDiscuss at least 3 cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors that can be modified. How do factors such as the intrauterine environment, menopause, oral contraceptives use, and stress affect CVD risk factors?
- For each statement in the left column, select the answer which best matches. frequency of occurrence increases as the age of the mother increases 1. galactosemia can be controlled by administration of a special diet 2. sickle cell anemia occurs with higher frequency in 3. Down syndrome the Jewish population than in the U.S. population as a whole 4. Tay-Sachs disease abnormal hemoglobin moleculesA cohort study looks at the relationship between estrogen use and the risk of breast cancer. A total of 4555 estrogen users and 4495 nonusers are enrolled in the study and followed up for 15 years for the development of breast cancer. In the estrogen-using group, 212 women developed breast cancer, and in the non-using group 298 women developed breast cancer. 12. How many were unexposed and not diseased?A. 4555 B. 4495 C. 4197 D. 434313. Which of the following interpretation is TRUE based on the results obtained?A. Use of estrogen increases the risk of developing breast cancerB. Use of estrogen is a protective factor to developing breast cancerC. Use of estrogen is a risk to unexposed groupD. Use of estrogen is not associated with breast cancerWhat is the expected effect on reproduction on an individual with hormone levels shown above? Identify two physiological changes that will not occur due to the atypical hormone levels shown above. The graph below shows the estrogen and progesterone levels of an individual during a menstrual cycle of 28 days. The top light blue line indicates the progesterone levels and the bottom purple line indicates the estrogen levels. This individual is in luteal phase.This individual can be expected to have low levels of FSH and LH.