If P6 is allocated, what is the BA? ||
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- Modify code Write a C program to simulate producer-consumer problem using semaphores. TASK: DESCRIPTION Producer-consumer problem, is a common paradigm for cooperating processes. A producer process produces information that is consumed by a consumer process. One solution to the producer-consumer problem uses shared memory. To allow producer and consumer processes to run concurrently, there must be available a buffer of items that can be filled by the producer and emptied by the consumer. This buffer will reside in a region of memory that is shared by the producer and consumer processes. A producer can produce one item while the consumer is consuming another item. The producer and consumer must be synchronized, so that the consumer does not try to consume an item that has not yet been produced. 12.3PROGRAM #include<stdio.h> void main() { int buffer[10], bufsize, in, out, produce, consume, choice=0; in = 0; out = 0; bufsize = 10; while(choice !=3) { printf(“\n1. Produce \t 2.…Consider a memory of size 8KB (8192 bytes) that allows dynamic, variable sized partitioning among processes and uses a linked list to keep track of free spaces (hereafter referred to as the free list) in the memory at any given time. Assume that there are 6 processes and assume that their memory size requirements (in bytes) are as given below: Р1: 500, Р2: 600, Р3: 1300, Р4: 2000, Р5: 100, Р6: 200 Assume that the initial state of the free list is as shown below (BA is the base address and Sz is the size of each free space): ВА: 0; Sz: 1100 — ВА: 1200; Sz: 600 > BА: 2000; Sz: 1800> ВА: 6000%; Sz 400In the working set model, the idea is to examine the most recent A page references. It is also known as an approximation of the Program's Locality. If the total demand is greater than the total number of available frames (D > m), then it will cause thrashing, because in this case, some processes will not have enough frames. Below you see 3 processes and their expected memory references during their execution. When will the thrashing happen to occur according to the Working set model? Assume total memory (m) is 13 and Delta (A ) is 5. Time: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2 6 2 2 6 2 6 2 1 2 4 3 5 4 5 4 6 P1= I 8 6 I 8 6 I 9 4 9 8 I 6 9 9 9 9 P2= P3= 6 2 3 2 6 6 6 6 6 2 1 4 2 2 2 2 2
- I need to implement in C the First-come, first-served (FCFS), which schedules tasks in the order in which they request the CPU. Priorities range from 1 to 10. Where the file driver.c reads in the schedule of tasks, inserts each task into a linked list, and invokes the process scheduler by calling the schedule() function. The schedule() function executes each task according to the specified scheduling algorithm. Tasks selected for execution on the CPU are determined by the pickNextTask() function and are executed by invoking the run() function defined in the CPU.c file. A Makefile is used to determine the specific scheduling algorithm that will be invoked by driver.A database is to be shared among several concurrent threads. Some of these threads may want only toread the database (readers), whereas others may want to update (that is, to read and write) the database(writers). Design an algorithm in pseudocode to guarantee fairness between processes such that: no datainconsistency will occur, the readers can read simultaneously, all the readers are to read before writers.Explain on your code how you satisfy these constraints.Note: Write a bash script to simulate producer-consumer problem using semaphores. Producer-consumer problem is a common paradigm for cooperating processes. A producer process produces information that is consumed by a consumer process. One solution to the producer-consumer problem uses shared memory. To allow producer and consumer processes to run concurrently, there must be available a buffer of items that can be filled by the producer and emptied by the consumer. This buffer will reside in a region of memory that is shared by the producer and consumer processes. A producer can produce one item while the consumer is consuming another item. The producer and consumer must be synchronized, so that the consumer does not try to consume an item that has not yet been produced.
- We define an m-section to be a sequence of code that can be run concurrently by maximum m threads. There are n threads in a process. Each thread executes a thread function doWork() that calls doCriticalWork() in an infinite loop. Function doCriticalWork() requires that at most m threads run it concurrently. The enter() and leave() functions are used to limit the number of threads within the m- section to a maximum of m and are the only functions that deal with synchronization. The pseudo-code algorithm for the thread function is this: void doWork(...) { while (true) { enter(...); I/ limit access to m threads Il execute m-section doCriticalWork(.); Il run by max. m threads leave(.); I/ leave m-section Il do more work Function enter() returns immediately only if there are less than m threads in the m-section. Otherwise, the calling thread will be blocked. A thread calls leave() to indicate it has finished the m-section. If there was another thread blocked (in enter() waiting to enter the…Program binaries in many systems are typically structured as follows. Code is stored starting with a small fixed virtual address such as 0. The code segment is followed by the data segment that is used for storing the program variables. When the program starts executing, the stack is allocated at the other end of the virtual address space and is allowed to grow towards lower virtual addresses. What is the significance of the above structure on the following schemes: a. contiguous-memory allocation b. pure segmentation c. pure pagingAssume that a virtual memory is managed using a buffer pool. The buffer pool contains five buffersand each buffer stores one block of data. Memory accesses are bydiskblock ID. Assume thefollowing series of memory accesses takes place: 5 2 5 12 3 6 5 9 3 2 4 1 5 9 8 15 3 7 2 5 9 10 4 6 8 5 For each of the following buffer pool replacement strategies, show the contents of the buffer poolat the end of the series, and indicate how many times a block was found in the buffer pool (insteadof being readinto memory). Assume that the buffer pool is initially empty b.Least frequently used (with counts kept only for blocks currently in memory, counts for a pageare lost when that page is removed, and the oldest item with smallestcount is removed whenthere is a tie). c.Least frequently used (with counts kept for all blocks, and the oldest item with the smallestcount is removed when there is a tie).
- Assume that a virtual memory is managed using a buffer pool. The buffer pool contains five buffersand each buffer stores one block of data. Memory accesses are bydiskblock ID. Assume thefollowing series of memory accesses takes place: 5 2 5 12 3 6 5 9 3 2 4 1 5 9 8 15 3 7 2 5 9 10 4 6 8 5 For each of the following buffer pool replacement strategies, show the contents of the buffer poolat the end of the series, and indicate how many times a block was found in the buffer pool (insteadof being readinto memory). Assume that the buffer pool is initially empty a.First in, first out. b.Least frequently used (with counts kept only for blocks currently in memory, counts for a pageare lost when that page is removed, and the oldest item with smallestcount is removed whenthere is a tie). c.Least frequently used (with counts kept for all blocks, and the oldest item with the smallestcount is removed when there is a tie). d.Least recently used.Suppose your system has a memory of size 100 MB using contiguous memory allocations and there are 4 fixed size partitions. Partition one of size 50, partition 2 of size 200, partition 3 of size 100 and partition 4 of size 150 Consider First 5 letters of your name. The ASCII code of the letters is the size of process and the alphabet is the name of process. The processes appear in alphabetical order. Q= How many processes will be loaded in the memory at a time? For contiguous memory allocation show the algorithms used to allocate memory partitions to each process and state which algorithm will work best and why? Also state the amount of internal and external fragmentation for the processes and partitions after allocation NOTE :MY NAME IS ALIZAHIDDevelop a C/C++ program that accepts the name of a memory trace file as a command line argument. Use the data to simulate a set associative cache using LRU replacement. Additional command line arguments will be needed to identify the details of the simulated cache. The arguments should appear in the following order: the memory trace input file X, where 2X == the number of direct-mapped sets Y, where 2Y == the number of blocks per set Z, where 2Z == the number of cached words per block Your program (say it's a compiled C program) could be run like this: ./cache data.tra 3 2 4 This would simulate an 8 set associative LRU cache with 4 blocks per set, where each block caches 16 addresses. NOTE… the reason I've chosen to use exponents for arguments is to ensure we have powers of 2 for everything. Trace File The trace file is line based with each line containing a memory address requested, in hex. Please note this data is real, so the addresses are larger than 32-bits. In…