How does partial damage to the neuronal membrane lead to excessive amounts of neurotransmitter release? a. Sodium can freely enter the cell to depolarize it b. Potassium can freely enter the cell to depolarize it c. Chloride can freely exit the cell to depolarize it d. GABA receptors become blocked, preventing proper suppression e. Dopamine receptors become activated, exciting the neuron f. None of the above

How does partial damage to the neuronal membrane lead to excessive amounts of neurotransmitter release? a. Sodium can freely enter the cell to depolarize it b. Potassium can freely enter the cell to depolarize it c. Chloride can freely exit the cell to depolarize it d. GABA receptors become blocked, preventing proper suppression e. Dopamine receptors become activated, exciting the neuron f. None of the above

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7TYK: Which of the following does not contribute to propagation of action potentials? a. As the area...

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An example of a synapse could be the site where: a. neurotransmitters released by an axon travel across a gap and are picked up by receptors on a muscle cell. b. an electrical impulse arrives at the end of a dendrite causingions to flow onto axons of presynaptic neurons. c. postsynaptic neurons transmit a signal across a cleft to apresynaptic neuron. d. oligodendrocytes contact the dendrites of an afferent neurondirectly. e. an onoff switch stimulates an electrical impulse in apresynaptic cell to stimulate other presynaptic cells.
Which of the following does not contribute to propagation of action potentials? a. As the area outside the membrane becomes negative, itattracts ions from adjacent regions; as the inside of the membrane becomes positive, it attracts negative ions from nearby in the cytoplasm. These events depolarize nearby regions of the axon membrane. b. The refractory period allows the impulse to travel in only one direction. c. Each segment of the axon prevents the adjacent segments from firing. d. The magnitude of the action potential stays the same as it travels down the axon. e. Up to a limit, increasing the intensity of the stimulus increases the number of action potentials.
In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the refractory period begins as the K+ channel opens, allowing K+ ions to flow outward along their concentrationgradient. b. Na+ ions flow out of the axon with their concentration gradient. c. positive charges lower the membrane potential to its lowestaction potential. d. gated K+ channels open at the same time as the activationgate of Na+ channels closes. e. the depolarizing stimulus lowers the membrane potential toopen the Na+ gates.
Neurons contain ________, which can receive signals from other neurons. a. axons b. mitochondria c. dendrites d. Golgibodies
11. What is the normal sequence of events following the stimulation of a neuron? a. Rush of sodium ions into the axon, depolarization of axon membrane, refractory period b. Rush of sodium ion into the axon, refractory period, depolarization of axon membrane c. Depolarization of axon membrane, rush of potassium ions into the axon, refractory period d. Refractory period, rush of sodium ions into the axon, depolarization of axon membrane 12. A nerve impulse that moves from a finger to the spinal cord travels along a a. Motor neuron b. Sensory neuron c. Sympathetic nerve d. Parasympathetic nerve
8. Use diagram 136 to answer the next question. If the axon of the neuron X is stimulated at threshold level Fig 136 Dendrite Axon Neuron Neuron Neuron 个 Symapse Synapse メ a. Neuron W will also be stimulated b. Neurons W and Y will both be stimulated c. Acetylcholine will move across synapse 2 d. Acetylcholine will move across synapse 1 and 2
1. If a single axon is firing at maximum frequency, how does the nervous system know if the stimulus increases further? 2. At maximal stimulation, much above the threshold, how long will it be until an axon fires the next AP? a.The absolute refractory period b.The relative refractory period c.The absolute and relative refractory periods On what part of the neuron are NT receptors typically located? If the activated NT receptors cause channels to open or change thus changing the diffusion of ions, what type of potential will this initially produce A. Resting B. Graded, C.Action, D.Homeostatic
13. The entry of sodium into the axon causes A. Depolarization of the membrane B. Increase negativity inside the axon C. The refractory period D. A resting potential
1. An excitatory postsynaptic potential a. is only one of several types of graded potential. b. will drive the membrane away from its potential. c. has a hyperpolarizing effect. d. is summed with an inhibitory postsynaptic potential at the input zone of a neuron in a process known as synaptic integration. 2. One example of a simple reflex arc involves the a. conscious message to move part of the body. b. contraction of an antagonistic muscle when its opposite muscle relaxes. c. contraction of a muscle when it is stretched. d. receptor, the brain, and the effector. 3. Areas of the spinal cord appear glistening white because of a. lack of meninges. b. cell bodies. c. myelin sheaths. d. neuroglia cells. 4. Neuroglial cells a. metabolically and physically support other neurons. b. form sheaths around neurons and control the rate of impulse transmission. c. form more than half of the volume…
7. Cell A is a glutamatergic neuron with a single synapse onto Cell B. Which of the following events would NOT result in an increased postsynaptic response in Cell B caused by an action potential in Cell A? a. Increase in the amount of glutamate released from Cell A b. Increase in the number of AMPA receptors on the surface of Cell B c. Increase in the number of GABA receptors on the surface of Cell B d. Addition of more synapses between Cell A and Cell B e. These would all increase the postsynaptic response
20. Which of the following sentences is NOT correct? A. Axon can branch B. Afferent neurons are generally bipolar neurons C. Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cytosol of a neuron D. GABA is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system E. Ligaments connect muscles to bone
9. In an inhibitory synapse, neurotransmitter binding to a receptor cause opening of __________ resulting in a hyperpolarizing event and reduces likelihood of AP generation. a. sodium ion channels b. potassium ion channels c. chloride ion channels d. a and b e. b and c