High Price | Low Price X= $625 X = $725 Firm Y Low Price High Price Y = $625 Y = $475 X = $475 X = $400 Y = $725 Y = $400 Answer the question based on the payoff matrix for a duopoly in which the numbers indicate the profit in thousands of dollars for a high-price or a low-price strategy. The structure of the payoffs suggests that Multiple Choice both firms have a dominant strategy. there is no Nash equilibrium. if this is a repeated game, firms will maximize long-run profits by alternating high and low prices. there are first-mover advantages if this is a sequential game.

High Price | Low Price X= $625 X = $725 Firm Y Low Price High Price Y = $625 Y = $475 X = $475 X = $400 Y = $725 Y = $400 Answer the question based on the payoff matrix for a duopoly in which the numbers indicate the profit in thousands of dollars for a high-price or a low-price strategy. The structure of the payoffs suggests that Multiple Choice both firms have a dominant strategy. there is no Nash equilibrium. if this is a repeated game, firms will maximize long-run profits by alternating high and low prices. there are first-mover advantages if this is a sequential game.

Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter8: Game Theory

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8.9P

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Exercise 6.1Suppose that two airlines decide to collude. Analyse the game between these two companies. Suppose that each of them can charge for tickets a high price or a low price. If one of them charges 100 euros, it gets few profits if the other also charges 100 euros and high profits if the other charges 200 euros. On the other hand, if the company charges 200 euros, it obtains very little profit if the other charges 100 euros and an average profit if the other also charges 200 euros. a) Represent the matrix of results of this game. b) What is the Nash equilibrium in this game? Explain your answer. c) Is there an outcome that would be better than the Nash equilibrium for the two airlines? How could it be achieved? Who would lose out if it were reached?
While grading a final exam, an economics professordiscovers that two students have virtually identical answers.She is convinced the two cheated but cannot prove it. The professorspeaks with each student separately and offers the followingdeal: Sign a statement admitting to cheating. If both studentssign the statement, each will receive an “F” for the course. Ifonly one signs, he is allowed to withdraw from the course whilethe other student is expelled. If neither signs, both receive a “C”because the professor does not have sufficient evidence to provecheating.a. Draw the payoff matrix.b. Which outcome do you expect? Why?
A game is played as follows: First Player 1 decides (Y or N) whether or not to play.If she chooses N, the game ends. If she chooses Y, then Player 2 decides (Y or N) whetheror not to play. If he chooses N the game ends. If he chooses Y, then they go ahead and playanother game with the payoffs shown below. A player who opts out by choosing N gets 2 andthe other player gets 0. Draw the tree of this game and then find the two subgame-perfect Nashequilibria.
Consider the following price game: Firm 1 Firm 2 High Low High 20, 20 12, 24 Low 24, 12 14, 14 Remark: In simultaneous move games (games with rows and columns) theconvention is to write the row player’s payoff first and the column player’spayoff second. (a) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? Recall that for each playeryou should find the best response to each of the opponents’ strategies andunderline the associated payoff. Then look for a cell where both strategiesare best responses to each other. This is a Nash equilibrium. (b) Does either firm have a dominate strategy (a strategy that is always abest response)?
1. For the following game Player B Player A Left 7,17 10,5 4,4 Middle Right 14,11 4,3 10,25 21,21 Тop Middle 14,4 Bottom 7,3 a) Determine the Nash equilibrium is any? b) Represent the game sequentially starting with player 1 and determine the sub-game perfect equilibrium c) Represent the game sequentially starting with player 2 and determine the sub-game perfect equilibrium d) Find the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium of the following game e) Firm 1 Firm 2 High price Low price High price 4,3 2,4 Low price 2,4 3,3
Exercise 6.8. Consider the following extensive-form game with cardinal payoffs: 1 R O player pay 000 2 1 M 3 b 010 O player 3's payoff 1 2 221 2 000 0 0 (a) Find all the pure-strategy Nash equilibria. Which ones are also subgame perfect? (b) [This is a more challenging question] Prove that there is no mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium where Player 1 plays Mwith probability strictly between 0 and 1.
Consider the following game: Player 2 In Out Player 1 In -2,-2 2, 0 Out 0, 2 0, 0 (a) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game, or what are the Nash equilibriaof this game? (b) Does either firm have a dominate strategy (a strategy that is always abest response)? Which? (c) Suppose Player 1 could move before Player 2 and Player 2 could observe Player 1’s move. What do you think would happen?
12. Consider a game where each player picks a number from 0 to 60. The guess that is closest to half ofthe average of the chosen numbers wins a prize. If several peopleare equally close, then they share theprize. The game theory implies that (A) all players have dominant strategies to choose 0 (B) all players have dominant strategies to choose 30 (C) there is a Nash equilibrium where all players pick 0 (D) there is a Nash equilibrium where all players pick positive numbers 13. Behavioral data in such games suggests that (A) most subjects choose 0; (B) most subjects choose 30; (C) common answers include 30, 15, 7.5, and 0; (D) most subjects use randomization. Can you help me answer number 13 please?
see image Use the following setting for questions 1-3. Consider the following static game: C R L 3,1 0,0 5,0 T M 2,1 1,2 3,1 B 1.2 0,1 4,4 Suppose this game is played for two periods. At the beginning of period 2, the players can observe the outcome from period 1. There is no discounting. 1. First, assume only pure-strategy SPNE such that either player's second period strategy DOES NOT depend on the first period outcome. How many such SPNE are in this game? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) none 2. Consider only SPNE from the previous question. What is the maximum sum of the players' payoffs that can be achieved in the first period? (a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) 8 3. Now consider all possible pure-strategy SPNE such that (B,R) is played in the first period. What must be the equilibrium outcome in the second period of such SPNE? (a) (T,L) (b) (M,C) (c) (B,R) (d) (T,R) (e) There are no such SPNE
◄ Search 12:47 PM Sun Nov 12 ← Note Nov 12, 2023 Uptown's price strategy The Nash equilibrium occurs when High Low LED RareAir's price strategy High $12 $15 The more favorable outcome would be for $12 Tt ✪ $6 B Low $6 D $8. $15 $8 S O both firms have an incentive to deviate from this strategy given the strategy of the competing firm. It is shown by the dominant strategy of cell A. 92% neither firm has an incentive to deviate from this strategy given the strategy of the competing firm. It is shown by the dominant strategy of cell D. O one firm consistently has an incentive to deviate from this strategy given the strategy of the competing firm. It is shown by the high-price strategy of cell B. O one firm consistently has an incentive to deviate from this strategy given the strategy of the competing firm. It is shown by the high-price strategy of cell C. O the firms to collude and use the high-price strategy but this strategy requires cooperation. O one firm to take the lead and let the…
Solve for the Nash equilibrium (or equilibria) in each of the following games. (a) The following two-by-two game is a little harder to solve since firm 2’spreferred strategy depends of what firm 1 does. But firm 1 has a dominantstrategy so this game has one Nash equilibrium. Firm 2 Launch Don’tFirm 1 Launch 60, -10 100, 0 Don’t 80, 30 120, 0 What is the Nash equilibrium of this simultaneous-move game? (b) What would the outcome of this game be if instead firm 1 moved first and then, after seeing what firm 1 chose, firm 2 chose it strategy? In this case firm 1 doesn’t necessarily need to choose a best response, but firm 2 must choose a best response since it moves second.
Consider following extensive form game Keep Prices (8.2) Advertise Lower Prices (4.6) Firm 1 Firm 2 Not Advertise O Not Advertise: Keep Prices O Advertise: Lower Prices O Not Advertise; Lower Prices O Advertise: Keep Prices Keep Prices (6,10) The subgame perfect Nash-equilibrium is Lower Prices (3,7)