Q: Using concept of flow-down gradients, explain the movement of glucose in and out of the nephron.
A: Introduction:-The structure that really makes urine in the process of eliminating waste and excess…
Q: The hydrostatic pressure gradient drives water ___________capillaries, and the colloid osmotic…
A: Capillaries are the smallest (smallest lumen diameter upto 5 micrometers) blood vessels and are the…
Q: After blood into the kidneys name the two paths the fluid takes
A: The urinary system consists of several organs like kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters and urethra.…
Q: Write the equation for the calculation of net filtration pressure (NFP), and explain the meaning of…
A: Calculation for Net filtration pressure: NFP = GBPH -[CHP+BCOP] NFP= Net Filtration pressure. GBPH=…
Q: Would you expect Bertha's arterial pH levels to change during her exercise? Explain why or why not?
A: The maintenance of the pH of the body is extremely important because it helps in the maintenance of…
Q: Give the flowchart and show how Renin angiotensin aldosterone system works? Please draw at your own…
A: The RAAS is a complex multi-organ endocrine (chemical) system associated with the guideline of blood…
Q: Describe Countercurrent Multiplier System?
A: Countercurrent multiplication in the kidneys is the process of using energy to generate an osmotic…
Q: Explain in your own words when Renin release is stimulated by the kidney
A: Renin It is an enzyme which plays a major role in the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) .…
Q: Explain a possible function of the coagulation reaction.
A: Coagulation reactions are initiated by two pathways: intrinsic pathway extrinsic pathway It…
Q: Create a personalized schematic diagram that presents each of the following processes: 1. Urine…
A: The excretion system in the body helps in removal of the nitrogenous and unwanted waste from the…
Q: Diagram/flow chart the reactions and interactions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway. What…
A: The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is a critical regulator of the blood and systemic vascular…
Q: Countercurrent flow of blood and water is more efficient than concurrent flow because a … is…
A: Countercurrent flow is the flow of anything in opposite direction and concurrent flow is the flow of…
Q: Briefly explain the Renin-angiotensin mechanism indicating the treatment or drug target sites of…
A: It is a system that regulates blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance as well as systemic…
Q: Which of these forces opposes filtration from the glomerulus a. Plasma osmotic pressure b. Fluid…
A: A tuft of small blood veins (capillaries) found at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney is known…
Q: The geometry of ECM deposition is a factor that leads to functional interactions true or false
A: Extra cellular matrix is an extensive molecule network composed of protein, glycosaminoglycan and…
Q: Define about sodium-potassium pump ? Why it is used ?
A: sodium-potassium pump it is used to maintain ionic balance.
Q: Which of the following classes of drugs would NOT be expected to reduce blood pressure?…
A: Blood is a fluid that runs throughout the body that helps to transport nutrients and oxygen to the…
Q: Explain the pressure-flow hypothesis
A: Plants have specialized cells for the movement of water and food throughout the body. Xylem is…
Q: Actions of ACE inhibitors in hypertension and heart failure include all the following EXCEPT…
A: ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors are medicines used mainly for the treatment of high…
Q: The filtering of blood through an artificial kidney is called______?
A: Kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs present in the abdominal cavity. Proper functioning kidneys…
Q: Give a line diagram of blood supply to the kidney
A: kidneys are bean shaped organs found in pair. they are found below the ribs and behind the belly on…
Q: Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism.
A: Kidney is an important organ of the body. There are two pairs of kidney. It is located in the…
Q: When blood pressure increases, the baroreceptor reflex is activated, and also kidney response…
A: Baroreceptors and kidney response pathways are two most important method of controlling high blood…
Q: Give examples of how filtration passive transport occurs in animals.
A: Passive filteration - in this filteration uses the pressure gradient as the molecules move from the…
Q: Considering the distal convoluted tubule of the amphibiannephron, explain how changes in the…
A: A distal convoluted tubule is the duct found between proximal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.…
Q: Explain why the countercurrent flow that occurs in the gillsof fish is much more efficient than…
A: Concurrent flow refers to the flow of oxygen-poor blood and oxygen-rich water in the same direction.…
Q: Active transport requires the use of ATP. Identify two ions that require active transport to be…
A: Active transport indicates the carrier-mediated transport of solute particles through the plasma…
Q: Briefly explain the water absorption rate and time spent in the water absorption response (WR)…
A: Terrestrial amphibians take up water by abducting the hind limbs and pressing a specialized portion…
Q: When you are have sufficient water volume in your blood, you stop secreting ADH. What is the effect…
A: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also known as vasopressin is secreted by the neurosecretory cells of the…
Q: a) Describe in your own words the formation of urine in the body. b) Explain the pathway that urine…
A: Production of urine in the body takes place in three steps 1) glomerular filtration 2) tubular…
Q: Briefly discuss the impact of the renal system on blood pressure regulation.
A: The renal system is also called the urinary system. It is made up of the kidneys, ureters, urinary…
Q: The filtration units in the human kidney are known as .
A: The excretory system of human consist of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder and one…
Q: Describe the function of Vitamin K in coagulation.
A: Vitamin K Vitamin K also known as koagulationsvitamin, it is a German name. Vitamin K plays…
Q: Outline or briefly describe the sequence of events that leads to blood coagulation.
A: Coagulation is also known as clotting, is the process in which the blood changes from a liquid state…
Q: Find which of the following statements about medulary collecting duct is TRUE A. Its permeability…
A: The structural and functional unit of the kidney is called nephron. It composed of malpighian body…
Q: Explain what is meant by the countercurrent multiplier that occurs within the nephron loop.
A: Henle loop or nephron loop, a long U-shaped portion of the tubule that transports urine in each…
Q: Explain why vertebrate animals show allometric relationships with both metabolic rate and…
A: Three factors can account for the vast range of metabolic rate variation among species: body mass,…
Q: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are used to treat high blood pressure.…
A: Angiotensin converting enzymes called age are produced by liver and helps to convert angiotensin I…
Q: In your own words and understanding, what is the main function of a defibrillator?
A: A defibrillator is a device by which the electrical activity of the heart is assessed and…
Q: An inadequate (low) dietary intake of NaCl will cause A) increased angiotensin II production
A: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth and an essential nutrient for…
Q: List and describe the three filtration barriers that substances leaving the plasma must pass through…
A: Filtration is the process of movement of fluid from the blood into the lumen of the nephron.…
Q: a. Why is countercurrent exchange system more efficient than concurrent exchange system?
A: Introduction :- A countercurrent exchange system is one in which two fluids with different qualities…
Q: In Excretory system, discuss how does the animal and plant (name the animal and plant) works in…
A: Cells produce water and carbon dioxide as by-products of metabolic breakdown of sugars, fats, and…
Find another example of a countercurrent exchange system either in biology or engineering and describe how it functions
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- Concisely contrast the role of the countercurrent multiplierwith that of the countercurrent exchanger.Create a simple schematic diagram of the Renin–angiotensin system.Describe why there are different set of data, Abs, ln(Abs), and 1/Abs in function of time. Explain how do you determine the rate constant and the effect of changing the concentrations of the components. If detected, which concentration changes the kobs?
- Make a schematic diagram showing one concrete situation you would on medicolegal transport.Diagram a convergent pathway, a divergent pathway, areverberating circuit, and a parallel after-discharge circuit,and describe what is accomplished in each.Define about sodium-potassium pump ? Why it is used ?
- Define countercurrent multiplier system?The steroid nandrolone, which is found naturally in horses, is administered to racing horses to aid in recovery. Because it is an anabolic steroid, nandrolone levels in excess of normal background levels disqualify a horse from racing. For example, to race in the Kentucky Derby, a gelding (a castrated male horse) may have no more than 1 ng/mL in the urine, whereas an unaltered male horse may have no more than 45 ng/mL of the metabolite estrane-3,17-diol in the urine. Knowing that nandrolone is an anabolic steroid, which hormone would you expect it to closely resemble? (testosterone cortisol O progesterone O epinephrine antidiuretic hormone During metabolism, carbon 3 and carbon 4 of nandrolone are reduced, forming the metabolite estrane-3,17-diol. Modify nandrolone to give estrane-3,17-diol. Select Draw Rings More Erase S с O 0 H ✪ ا قد 2 oPlease make a flowchart with this picture information ONLY
- A 28-year-old man has a fasting serum glucose concentration of 140 mg/dL and a glomerular filtration rate of 125 ml/min. The renal transport maximum for glucose in this patient is 300 mg/min. Which of the following best represents the rate of urinary glucose excretion (in mg/min) in this man? (A) 0 (B) 100 (C) 200 (D) 300 (E) 400You are a world-famous muscle physiologist studying the control of smooth muscle in arterioles found in the human kidney. Your preparation includes an intact arteriole placed in an isotonic solution with a supply of glucose and oxygen to keep the tissue alive. Within the controlled bath, you can attach the arteriole to the end of a tube, and you control the pressure of fluid flowing through the tube. As you increase the pressure inside the arteriole, the arteriole constricts reflexively. Which vascular phenomenon does this example illustrate?Give typed explanation A calibrated burette is being used to deliver a medication. Order: IV Methylprednisolone 10 mg diluted in 40 mL D51/2NS to be delivered over 20 minutes with a 10 mL flush. The dosage of medication is in 5 mL. What flow rate in drops per minute (gtt/min) is needed to deliver the the medication and the flush?