Answered: Explain why each of the following is a…

Explain why each of the following is a risk factor for cancer: age, loss-of-function mutations in repair or tumor-suppressor genes, certain viruses such as HPV, chemical mutagens, radiation/UV light

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter12: Genes And Cancer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15QP: Which of the following mutations will result in cancer? a. homozygous recessive mutation in a...

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Question

Explain why each of the following is a risk factor for cancer: age, loss-of-function mutations in repair or tumor-suppressor genes, certain viruses such as HPV, chemical mutagens, radiation/UV light

Expert Solution

Step 1 Introduction

Cancer is an abnormal or uncontrolled cell division that occurs as a result of mutation. Environmental factors can cause mutations. Some examples are tobacco, diet, X-rays, gamma rays and UV radiations, air pollution, asbestos, and silica dust.

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Which of the following mutations will result in cancer? a. homozygous recessive mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene coding for a nonfunctional protein b. dominant mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed c. homozygous recessive mutation in which there is a deletion in the coding region of a proto-oncogene, leaving it nonfunctional d. dominant mutation in a proto-oncogene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed
Studies have shown that there are significant differences in cancer rates among different ethnic groups. For example, the Japanese have very high rates of colon cancer but very low rates of breast cancer. It has also been demonstrated that when members of low-risk ethnic groups move to high-risk areas, their cancer risks rise to those of the high-risk area. For example, Japanese who live in the United States, where the risk of breast cancer is high, have higher rates of breast cancer than do Japanese who live in Japan. What are some of the possible explanations for this phenomenon? What factors may explain why the Japanese have higher rates of colon cancer than do other ethnic groups?
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