Example: Oxidation of ethanol by NAD+ in the presence catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase Calculate the standard free energy change for the reaction below: Ethanol + NAD* 2 acetaldehydye + NADH + H*
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- Indicate which of the pathways for pyruvate acetyle CoA, lactate, and/or ethanol occur under each of the following conditions.Given the following information, calculate the physiological ΔG of the isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction at 25°C and pH 7.0: [NAD+]/[NADH] = 8, [α-ketoglutarate] = 0.1 mM, and [isocitrate] = 0.02 mM. Assume standard conditions for CO2 (ΔG°′ is given in Table). Is this reaction a likely site for metabolic control?Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction from the citric acid cycle. Given the listed concentrations, calculate the free energy change for this reaction at energy change for this reaction at 37.0 ˚C (310 K). AG' for the reaction is +29.7 kJ/mol. Assume that the reaction occurs at pH 7. [malate] = 1.45 mM AG: [oxaloacetate] = 0.130 mM [NAD+ ] = 110 mM [NADH] = 44 mM 47.06 Incorrect kJ.mol-1
- Which of the following statements inaccurately describes glutamate dehydrogenase? Glutamate dehydrogenase uses either NAD+ or NADP+ in a redox reaction Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes an oxidative deamination reaction Glutamate dehydrogenase equilibrium lies with the reductive amination of glutamate Glutamate dehydrogenase utilizes hydrolysis to release ammonium from an imine intermediateProvide a simplified schematic presentation (metabolic map) of the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (which include the electron transport chain). Clearly indicate how these pathways connect.Calculate the net ATP yield from oleic acid (18:1 D9 ). Hint: Remember the step that bypasses acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
- For the following enzymes (3-6) predict how the conditions will most likely affect the enzymes activity with one of the following and provide a 1 sentence explanation: a. increase activity b. decrease activity c. not likely to alter activity 3) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex binding to AMP when [AMP] is high. 4) phosphohexose isomerase binding NADH when [NADH] is high 5) phosphofructose-1 binding NAD+ when [NAD+] is high 6) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex binding to ATP when [ATP] is highWhen grown anaerobically on glucose, yeast (S. cerevisiae) converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde, then reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol using electrons from NADH. Write the equation for the second reaction, and calculate its equilibrium constant at 25 °CLactate can be converted into pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NAD+. Write the reaction in the standard biochemical format, using a curved arrow to show the involvement of NAD+.
- . Identify the Krebs cycle enzyme which acts on a five-carbon substrate, produces a four-carbon product substituent (attached to coenzyme A), and generates one molecule of NADH. a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase pyruvate dehydrogenase citrate synthase malate dehydrogenase succinate dehydrogenase Which of the following enzymes consumes one molecule of NADH, during anaerobic fermentation in yeast, as it converts a two-carbon substrate molecule into a two-carbon product molecule? succinate dehydrogenase pyruvate decarboxylase C. isocitrate dehydrogenase lactate dehydrogenase alcohol dehydrogenaseWhat is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase? catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to an acceptor oxidation of the alcohol to an aldehyde dehydration and dephosphorylation of GAP hydrolysis of GAP oxidation by NAD+ and formation of acyl-phosphateAfter pyruvate is formed, it must either be converted to another molecule to enter the citric acid cycle and ultimately produce ATP by utilizing the electron-transport chain, or go through alternate pathways to produce NAD Identify the products formed in the pathway of pyruvate and indicate whether NADH+H or NAD are produced under aerobic and anaerobic respiration Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. ▸ View Available Hint(s) Reset Help Alcohol (ethanol) Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Acetyl coenzyme A Normal cell Yeast Lactate NAD+ produced NADH+H* produced Submit End products NAD*/ NADH+H* Previous Answers Request Answer Group 1 Group 2 Exercising Muscle Lactate Group 2 Group 1 Group 2