During prolonged starvation or in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, the formation of acetyl-CoA exceeds oxaloacetate supply, forming ketone bodies Hypoglycaemia may be observed in Cushing syndrome patients The range of albuminuria that is considered as a reversible and treatable is 30 – 300 mg/24hr (20 – 200 μg/min)
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Indicate whether the following sentences is True or False:
- During prolonged starvation or in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, the formation of acetyl-CoA exceeds oxaloacetate supply, forming
ketone bodies - Hypoglycaemia may be observed in Cushing syndrome patients
- The range of albuminuria that is considered as a reversible and treatable is 30 – 300 mg/24hr (20 – 200 μg/min)
- Urea is the major nitrogen-containing
metabolic product of protein catabolism in humans, accounting for > 75% of the nonprotein nitrogen eventually excreted - GLUT5 is found in small intestine and other organs to transport fructose
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- CC was taken to hospital breathing but unresponsive after two days of heavy alcohol consumption and limited food intake. According to CC's past medical history they had a history of chronic alcohol addiction and fatty liver disease. Analysis of CC's serum glucose returned a value of < 20 mg/dL, indicating severe hypoglycemia. The attending physician prescribed a bolus of D-glucose to help re-establish CC's blood glucose to within normal bounds. Analysis of the CC's serum electrolytes and PaCO2 was suggestive of metabolic acidosis. Q1: Which of the following metabolites may be used to produce blood glucose during prolonged fasting?CC was taken to hospital breathing but unresponsive after two days of heavy alcohol consumption and limited food intake. According to CC's past medical history they had a history of chronic alcohol addiction and fatty liver disease. Analysis of CC's serum glucose returned a value of < 20 mg/dL, indicating severe hypoglycemia. The attending physician prescribed a bolus of D-glucose to help re-establish CC's blood glucose to within normal bounds. Analysis of the CC's serum electrolytes and PaCCh was suggestive of metabolic acidosis. Analysis of CC's blood suggested metabolic acidosis. In CC's case, what can cause metabolic acidosis?A person is suspected with diabetes mellitus. He checks his blood glucose level by gluceose oxidase method. After the experiment, OD of his blood sample was obtained as 0.08. Based on the glucose standard curve seen in the virtual lab, calculate his blood glucose level. Is he had diabetes mellitus? (Note: Normal blood glucose level in our body is 70-110mg/dl). Find out the role and chemical reactions of the following reagents in the blood glucose level determination by glucose oxidase method. a) Sodium sulphate – Zinc sulphate solution b ) Glucose oxidase reagent c) Peroxidase A person did estimation of blood glucose level by glucose oxidase method by referring the virtual lab procedure. But he forgot to add ortho - toluidine reagent during glucose oxidase reagent preparation. a) What is the observation of the result?…
- An unresponsive client who has diabetes is brought to the emergency department with rapid, deep respirations. Additional findings include: blood glucose 24.9 mmol/L, arterial pH 7.2 and urinalysis showing presence of ketones and glucose. Which of the following statements best describes the underlying cause of this patient’s presentation? Question 64 options: a) Relative insulin deficiency, causing hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, renal dysfunction and acidosis b) Nocturnal elevation of growth hormone resulting in hyperglycemia in the morning c) Absolute insulin deficiency, increased counter-regulatory hormone, lipolysis and free fatty acid release d) Hypoglycemia causes release of glucagon, resulting in glycogenolysis and hyperglycemiaDiscuss the 3 mechanisms of abnormal carbohydrates metabolism that result in the development of ketone bodies in the urine and give examples of the condition to each.What is the relationship of glucose urine and glucose carrier protein. Pls explain in the context of diabetic patient.
- Answer the following questions: 1. A patient suffering from fatigue and pallor has been diagnosed of megaloblastic anemia and was given vitamin B12 (cobalamin) as a supplement. Megaloblastic anemia occurs due to reduced activity of methionine synthase, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. What role is played by vitamin B12 (cobalamin) to methionine synthase? A. apoenzyme B. coenzyme C. holoenzyme D. isoenzymes E. cofactor 2. A given substrate may be acted upon by a number of different enzymes, each of which uses the same substrate(s) and produces the same product(s). The individual numbers of a set of enzymes sharing such characteristics are known as ___, which are of clinical interest because they can be used as molecular markers of tissue damage. A. Cofactor B. Coenzyme C. Holoenzyme D. Apoenzyme E. Isoenzymes 3. Succinic acid dehydrogenase is an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of succinic acid during cell respiration. If malonic acid is…Match the bold specific genetic metabolic disorders to their category: adrenal hyperplasia Albinism Cystinuria Galactosaemia Phenylketonuria Pompe Wilson Disease Chromosomal abnormality Excessive amounts of metabolites in a metabolic pathway Storage disease Disrupted regulatory system Disrupted Vitamin and/or co-factor absorption or processing Transport disorder Accumulation of substrates in a metabolic pathway Absence of end productA 35-year-old woman became severely depressed after the sudden death of her husband. Twomonths later, she was brought to the emergency room by her friend because of extremeweakness and lethargy. She appeared thin and pale. Upon history taking, the doctor found thatshe had not eaten for several weeks. Analysis of the plasma sample indicated elevated levels ofalanine, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). However, her plasmaglucose concentration was low (55mg/dL). She was hospitalized, given intravenous feeding,antidepressant medications and subsequently shifted to a 1800kCal (7500kJ) diet. Her recoverywas uneventful.3.a) How could the patient maintain her plasma glucose levels within normal limits even though shewas not eating?b
- A person is suspected with diabetes mellitus. He checks his blood glucose level by gluceose oxidase method. After the experiment, OD of his blood sample was obtained as 0.08. Based on the glucose standard curve seen in the virtual lab, calculate his blood glucose level. Is he had diabetes mellitus? (Note: Normal blood glucose level in our body is 70-110mg/dl).A 35-year old woman became severely depressed after the sudden death of her husband. Two months later, she was brought to the emergency room by her friend because of extreme weakness and lethargy. She appeared thin and pale. Upon history taking, the doctor found that she had not eaten for several weeks. Analysis of the plasma sample indicated elevated levels of alanine, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). However, her plasma glucose concentration was low (55mg/dL). She was hospitalized, given intravenous feeding, antidepressant medications and subsequently shifted to a 1800kCal (7500kJ) diet. Her recovery was uneventful. Why did the patient have elevated levels of alanine, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)? How could the patient maintain her plasma glucose levels within normal limits even though she was not eating?Suggest, why the patient’s recovery was smooth after being shifted to a 1800kCal diet.Hypoglycemia comes about for various reasons and clinic symptoms usually occur at blood glucose concentrations: A.