Consider a two-player, sequential-move game where each player can choose to play right or left. Player 1 moves first. Player 2 observes player 1's actual move and then decides to move right or left. If player 1 moves right, player 1 receives $0 and player 2 receives $25. If both players move left, player 1 receives -$5 and player 2 receives $10. If player 1 moves left and player 2 moves right, player 1 receives $20 and player 2 receives $20. Suppose Player 2 threatens to move left if Player 1 moves left. What could Player 2 do to increase the credibility of this strategic move? O promise to keep playing only if player 1 believe the threat eliminate the option of playing right O None of these are effective strategies O threaten to quit the game Clear my choice

Consider a two-player, sequential-move game where each player can choose to play right or left. Player 1 moves first. Player 2 observes player 1's actual move and then decides to move right or left. If player 1 moves right, player 1 receives $0 and player 2 receives $25. If both players move left, player 1 receives -$5 and player 2 receives $10. If player 1 moves left and player 2 moves right, player 1 receives $20 and player 2 receives $20. Suppose Player 2 threatens to move left if Player 1 moves left. What could Player 2 do to increase the credibility of this strategic move? O promise to keep playing only if player 1 believe the threat eliminate the option of playing right O None of these are effective strategies O threaten to quit the game Clear my choice

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Consider the following two person game. Player 1 begins the game by choosing A or B. If Player 1 chooses A the game ends and Player 1 receives $100 and Player 2 receives $100. If Player 1 chooses B then Player 2 must choose C or D. If Player 2 chooses C then Player 1 receives $150 and Player 2 receives $250. If Player 2 chooses D then Player 1 receives $0 and Player 2 receives $400. Draw the complete game tree for this situation. Be sure to accurately label the tree and include the payoffs. Using backwards induction (look forward and reason backwards) determine the rational outcome to this game. Given how experimental subjects have behaved in the Ultimatum game, provide a behavioral explanation for why an “average” Player 1 and 2 might deviate from the rational prediction.
In a two-player, one-shot, simultaneous-move game, each player can choose strategy A or strategy B. If both players choose strategy A, each earns a payoff of $400. If both players choose strategy B, each earns a payoff of $200. If player 1 chooses strategy A and player 2 chooses strategy B, then player 1 earns $100 and player 2 earns $600. If player 1 chooses strategy B and player 2 chooses strategy A, then player 1 earns $600 and player 2 earns $100. a. Write this game in normal form. b. Find each player’s dominant strategy, if it exists. c. Find the Nash equilibrium (or equilibria) of this game. d. Rank strategy pairs by aggregate payoff (highest to lowest). e. Can the outcome with the highest aggregate payoff be sustained in equilibrium? Why or why not?
[39] Consider the following dynamic game: Player 1 moves first, choosing between strategies A and B. If 1 chooses A, then player 2 moves, choosing between strategies C and D. If 1 chooses B, then 2 chooses between E and F. If 2 chooses E, the game ends. If 2 chooses F, the game continues, with 1 choosing between G and H. The payoffs are indicated in parentheses at the bottom of the game tree, with 1's payoffs 1st and 2's payoffs 2nd. (3.8) (8,3) B E (5.5) G H (2,10) (1.0) Using backwards induction, the solution to the game leads player 2 to choose: A. C B. D C. E D. F
In the game shown below, Players 1 and 2 are competing over how to divide up $100. Each player must move at the same time without knowledge of the other player’s move. The table shows the payoff for Player1 (Player 2’s payoff is $100 Player 1’s Payoff). Find the Nash equilibrium(s) for this game. That is, what strategy should Player 1 and Player 2 use for this game? If the Players use their optimal strategy, what will be the payoff for each player in this game? Player 2 Player 1 Left Middle Right Up 40 30 50 Middle 20 50 40 Down 30 20 30
Consider the following game. There are two payers, Player 1 and Player 2. Player 1 chooses a row (10, 20, or 30), and Player 2 chooses a column (10/20/30). Payoffs are in the cells of the table, with those on the left going to Player 1 and those on the right going to player 2. For example, a payoff 100/200 would mean Player 1 receives 100 and Player 2 receives 200.What is [are] the Nash Equilibrium [Equilibria] of this game?A) (10/10) and (20/20)B) (30/30)C) (10/20) and (20/10)D) (20/20)E) (30/30)
Consider the following game: Player 1 chooses A, B, or C. If player 1 chooses A, the game ends and each player gets a payoff of $7. If player 1 chooses B, then player 2 observes their choice and plays X or Y. If player 1 chooses B and player 2 chooses X, the game ends. Player 1 gets a payoff of $14 and player 2 gets a payoff of $16. If player 1 chooses B and player 2 chooses Y, the game ends. Player 1 gets a payoff of $17 and player 2 gets a payoff of $14. If player 1 chooses Č, then player 2 chooses secretly to put either a $5 bill or a $20 bill into a sealed envelope. Player 1 does not observe his choice; rather she has two options: Open the envelope and gets whatever bill is inside. If she chooses this, player 2 gets nothing. Give the envelope back to player 2, and get $12 for sure. If she chooses this, player 2 gets the amount in the envelope. Draw the game tree for this game How many strategies does Player 1 have in this game?
Consider the following sequential move game played by three players, A, B and C. Player A moves first and chooses one of the following two payoff matrices, either Box 1 or Box 2. Following Player A's choice, Players B and C move simultaneously. Player B chooses one of two strategies, Top or Bottom, while Player C chooses one of two strategies, Left or Right. Player A; Box 1: Player B Player A; Box 2: Player B Top Bottom Top Bottom Player C Left 3,3,3 6,5,0 Player C Left 3,6,6 4, 10,0 Right 6,0,5 8, 1, 1 Right 4,0, 10 6,2,2 Each cell in the two boxes contains three numbers. The first number is the payoff to Player A, the second number is the payoff to Player B and the third number is the payoff to Player C. This implies that when choosing their respective strategies, Players B and C will consider the second and third payoff numbers respectively in each cell. Player A, of course, will focus on the first number in each cell in deciding which box to choose. What is the subgame perfect…
Consider the two-round bargaining game. The minimum the seller will sell his home for 188,000 and the maximum the buyer is willing to pay is $200,000. Both players know these two amounts and are bargaining over the difference (M=$1200). Assume the disagreement values are zero for both players. Player 1 moves first by making a proposal and Player 2 can accept and reject. If player 2 rejects Player’s 1 proposal, then Player 2 gets to make a proposal, which Player 1 can reject and accept. The game is then over. Suppose the both players discount the future income at the rate d=0.2 per period. That is, $0.20 now is equivalent to $1,00 received next round. Find the equilibrium for this 2-round game. a) Draw the game tree b) What is the sale price of home? c)Which player gets the larger share of M?
Two players bargain over $20. Player 1 first proposes a split of(n, 20 - n), where n is an integer in {0, 1, ..., 20}. Player 2 can either accept or reject this proposal. If player accepts it, player 1 obtains $n and player 2 obtains $(20 - n). If player 2 rejects it, the money is taken away from them and both players will get $0. Find one Nash equilibrium that is NOT a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium. Explain why it is a Nash equilibrium and why it is not subgame perfect.
Let's think about a traditional game theory principal agent game. In this game we have two players, Lauren and Jason Lauren will choose to invest $500 dollars with Jason If she doesn't invest the money, she keeps the $500 and Jason gets nothing If she does invest the money, then Jason has a choice-he can cooperate by investing Lauren's money and then splitting the profit of another $500. This would give Lauren $750 (her original $500 investment plus $250 of profit) and would give Jason $250. Jason's other choice is to appropriate, or to steal Lauren's money and not invest it. If he does this, Lauren ends up with nothing and Jason has the entire $500. The following diagram outlines this game. Principal Agent Game Jason (750.250) Invest appropriate 10. 500) doninve What will happen in this game? Lauren will not invest Lauren will invest and Jason will cooperate Lauren will invest and Jason will appropriate Next page
3. Consider a two-player, sequential-move game where each player can choose to play right or left. Player 1 moves first. Player 2 observes player 1's actual move and then decides to move right or left. If player 1 moves right, player 1 receives £20 and player 2 receives £45. If both move left, player 1 receives £15 and player 2 receives £30. If player 1 moves left and player 2 moves right, player 1 receives £40 and player 2 receives £40. a. Draw the above situation in the form of an extensive form game. b. Find the sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium of the extensive form game.
Consider the game shown below. In this game, players 1 and 2 must move at the same time without knowledge of the other player’s move. Player 1’s choices are shown in the row headings (A/B), Player 2’s choices are shown in the column headings (C/D). The first payoff is for the row player (Player1) and the second payoff is for the column player (Player 2). Player 2 Player 1 C D A 8, 3 2, 4 B 7, 4 3, 5 Pick the correct answer: Player 1: Has a dominant strategy to choose A Has a dominant strategy to choose B Has a dominant strategy to choose C Has a dominant strategy to choose D Does not have a dominant strategy Player 2: Has a dominant strategy to choose A Has a dominant strategy to choose B Has a dominant strategy to choose C Has a dominant strategy to choose D Does not have a dominant strategy The Nash equilibrium outcome to this game is: A/C A/D B/C B/D There is no pure strategy Nash equilibrium for this game