ATP is synthesized from ADP, P, and a proton on the matrix side of the in-ner mitochondrial membrane. We will refer to the matrix side as the "inside"of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM).(a) H* transport from the outside of the IMM into the matrix drives thisprocess. The pH inside the matrix is 8.2, and the outside is more acidicby 0.8 pH units. Assuming the IMM membrane potential is 168 mV(inside negative), calculate AG for the transport of 1 mol of H* acrossthe IMM into the matrix at 37 °C: Houtside) Hinside)(b) Assume three mol H* must be translocated to synthesize one mol ATPby coupling of the following reactions:ADP + P, + Hinskde) ATP + H,O(ATP synthesis)3Hinside)(proton transport)3Houtside) Write the overall reaction for ATP synthesis coupled to H* transport[and use this equation for part (c)]:(c) Assume three mol H* must be translocated to synthesize one molATP as described in part (b) above. Given the following steady-stateconcentrations: ATP=2.70 mM and P, = 5.20 mM, the membranepotential A = 168 mV (inside negative), and the pH values in part(a), calculate the steady-state concentration of ADP at 37 °C whenAG = -11.7 kJ/mol.

Given: pH inside=8.2 pH outside=(8.2-0.8)=7.4 Membrane pot= -168mV To find: ∆G…

Answered: ATP is synthesized from ADP, P, and a…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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ATP is synthesized from ADP, P, and a proton on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. We will refer to the matrix side as the "inside" of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane (the "IMM"). Show your work. (a) H* transport from the outside of the IMM into the matrix drives this process. Assume the pH inside the matrix is 8.00 and the outside is more acidic by 0.60 pH units. Assuming the IMM membrane potential is 165.0 mV (inside negative), calculate AG for the transport of 1 mol of H* across the IMM into the matrix at 37 °C: H* (outside) → H* (inside)
The difference in pH between the internal and external surfaces of the inner mitochondrial membrane is 1.4 pH units (external side acidic). If the membrane potential is 0.06 V (inside negative), what is the free energy change on transporting 1 mol of protons across the membrane from outside to inside at 25°C?
The following plot (percent of O2 bound versus [02]) shows three possible curves (A, B, C). In this case, "B" represents the normal oxygen transport protein. Suppose the local concentration of H+ increases. How might this be represented on the graph? Percent O₂ bound A OA shift from B to C B [0₂] OH+ concentration has no effect (remains curve B) OA shift from B to A
Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: If the inner mitochondrial membrane were rendered as permeable as the outer membrane, how would that affect oxidative phosphorylation? Which specific processes would stop and which remain?
The fatty acid side chains of the phospholipids in the inner mitochondrial membrane exhibit a large proportion of multiple unsaturations. As a result, will the membrane be hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Also will it be more fluid or more rigid? How do these characteristics help explain the observation that the inner membrane is impermeable to ions such as Mg2+ and Cl–? Hint: what moves these ions through the membrane?
(A) What is the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix, assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix? (Hint: Calculate AGO' for the reaction H"IMS > H matris using the relationship AG° = RTInKeg and remembering that pH = -log1o[H*]. Assume that T = 310K (37°C), and R = 8.315x10-3 kJ mol-1 K-1. Show your work and include correct units!)
The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle can transport cytosolic NADH equivalents into the mitochondrial matrix (see Fig. 15.11c). In this shuttle, the protons and electrons are donated to FAD, which is reduced to FADH₂. These protons and electrons are subsequently donated to coenzyme Q in the electron transport chain. End of Chapter Problem 86a How much ATP is generated per mole of glucose when the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is used? (Tolerance is +/- 2%) ATP are generated per glucose.
Assuming that 3 H+ are transported per ATP synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix, the membrane potential difference is 0.18V (negative inside), and the pH difference is 2 unit (acid outside, basic inside), calculate the largest ratio of ATP/(ADP)(Pi) under which synthesis of ATP can occur. (gas constant 8.3J/mole, F is 96,485 kJ/V, T in , Co +273)
Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate concentration is about 10 mM. If ADP is five times more abundant than AMP,calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. Calculate ∆G for ATP hydrolysis at 37 °C under these conditions.The energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the concentration of ADP divided by the total adenine nucleotide concentration.
For the mitochondrial membrane described in pic, how many protons must be transported to provide enough free energy for the synthesis of 1 mol of ATP (assuming standard biochemical conditions)?
In considering active transport by Na + -K + -ATPase at body temperature (37 o C), 3 Na+ are pumped out of the cell and 2 K + are pumped in for each ATP that is hydrolyzed to ADP + P i . Given that underyour experimental conditions, the DG for ATP hydrolysis is -10 kcal/mol, and that V is -60 mV, and that the pump maintains the internal Na + at 10mM, external Na + at 120 mM, internal K + at 120 mM and external K + at 8mM, what is the efficiency of the pump (i.e., what fraction of the energy available from ATP hydrolysis is required to drive transport at the provided levels)?
Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: The ATP generated by oxidative respiration is used throughout the cell. The majority of ATP production occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. How do you think ATP is made accessible to enzymes in the cytosol and other organelles?

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